現在完成式：have / has + 過去分詞The Present Perfect

現在完成式 = have / has + 過去分詞

現在完成式講的是「過去發生的事，跟現在有關係」：做過沒有、做完了沒、從以前一直到現在。主詞是 I / you / we / they 用 have，he / she / it 用 has。否定句在 have / has 後面加 not，問句把 have / has 搬到句首。

• I have finished my homework.我已經寫完功課了。

• She has lived in Taichung for ten years.她住在台中十年了。

• We haven't eaten dinner yet.我們還沒吃晚餐。

• Have you seen my phone? — No, I haven't.你有看到我的手機嗎？——沒有。

常見動詞的過去式與過去分詞

規則動詞的過去分詞跟過去式一樣加 -ed；不規則動詞要一個一個背，第三欄才是現在完成式要用的。

already、yet、ever、never、just、for、since

already（已經）用在肯定句，yet 用在否定句（還沒）和問句（了沒），放句尾。ever（曾經）多用在問句，never（從未）本身就是否定。just 是「剛剛」。for + 一段時間（for two years），since + 起點（since 2020、since last week）。

• The movie has already started.電影已經開始了。

• Have you ever been to Kenting?你曾經去過墾丁嗎？

• I have just missed the MRT.我剛剛錯過捷運。

• Tom has played basketball since he was eight.Tom 從八歲開始就一直打籃球。

跟過去簡單式的差別；have been to 和 have gone to

句子裡有明確的過去時間（yesterday、last week、in 2020、two days ago）就用過去簡單式，不能用現在完成式。中文「我去過」「我吃過了」沒有時態變化，英文要看有沒有講「什麼時候」。另外，have been to 是「去過（已經回來）」，have gone to 是「去了（人還在那裡）」。

• I saw that movie last Sunday.我上週日看了那部電影。

• I have seen that movie twice.那部電影我看過兩次。

• My dad has been to Japan three times.我爸去過日本三次。

• My dad has gone to Japan. He will come back next week.我爸去日本了，下週才回來。

常見錯誤

• ✗I have finished my homework yesterday.
  ✓I finished my homework yesterday.有 yesterday 這種明確的過去時間，要用過去簡單式。
• ✗She have lived here since 2019.
  ✓She has lived here since 2019.she 是第三人稱單數，要用 has。
• ✗I have went to Tainan.
  ✓I have been to Tainan.have 後面要接過去分詞，不能接過去式 went；「去過」用 have been to。
• ✗We have studied English since three years.
  ✓We have studied English for three years.three years 是一段時間，要用 for；since 後面接起點。
• ✗Have you finished your lunch already?
  ✓Have you finished your lunch yet?問「了沒」時，句尾用 yet；already 通常用在肯定句。