被動語態：be 動詞 + 過去分詞The Passive Voice

被動語態 = be 動詞 + 過去分詞

主詞是「做動作的人」時用主動；主詞是「被做的東西」時用被動。中文常常不說「被」，像「這座橋建於 1990 年」「教室每天都打掃」，但英文只要主詞是被做的那一方，就一定要用 be + 過去分詞。

• English is spoken in many countries.很多國家都說英文。

• The classroom is cleaned every day.教室每天都有人打掃。

• This bridge was built in 1990.這座橋建於 1990 年。

現在式與過去式的被動

be 動詞跟著主詞和時態變化，過去分詞（p.p.）永遠不變。

by + 行為者，什麼時候可以省略

要說清楚「是誰做的」才加 by + 行為者，而且 by 後面的代名詞要用受格（by him、by them）。如果做的人不重要、不知道是誰，或者大家都知道（例如 by people、by someone），就把 by 省略。

• The song was written by Jay Chou.這首歌是周杰倫寫的。

• My bike was stolen last night.我的腳踏車昨晚被偷了。

• The poster was made by them.海報是他們做的。

情態助動詞的被動：can / will / must + be + p.p.

can、will、must、should 後面本來接原形動詞，所以被動時一律是「助動詞 + be + 過去分詞」，be 不會變成 is 或 are。

• This problem can be solved in five minutes.這個問題五分鐘就能解決。

• The results will be announced tomorrow.結果明天會公布。

• Phones must be turned off during the test.考試時手機必須關機。

主動改被動三步驟

一、把原本的受詞搬到句首當主詞。二、動詞改成 be + 過去分詞，be 要配新主詞和原本的時態。三、原本的主詞放到 by 後面，代名詞改受格；不重要就省略。

• Mom cooks dinner. → Dinner is cooked by Mom.媽媽煮晚餐。→ 晚餐是媽媽煮的。

• He broke the cups. → The cups were broken by him.他打破了杯子。→ 杯子被他打破了。

常見錯誤

• ✗The bridge built in 1990.
  ✓The bridge was built in 1990.橋不會自己蓋，主詞是被做的一方，要有 be 動詞。
• ✗This book was write by a student.
  ✓This book was written by a student.被動要用過去分詞 written，不能用原形。
• ✗The letter was sent by he.
  ✓The letter was sent by him.by 是介系詞，後面的代名詞要用受格。
• ✗The work can is done today.
  ✓The work can be done today.can 後面接原形，所以是 can be + 過去分詞。
• ✗The cookies was eaten.
  ✓The cookies were eaten.cookies 是複數，be 動詞要用 were。