Typhoons颱風
颱風、颶風、旋風其實是同一種東西,只是在不同的海域有不同的名字。台灣平均每年會發布三到四次陸上颱風警報。
CEFR B1閱讀約 6 分鐘 · 12 個單字 · 測驗卷 100 分
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Typhoon on the Coast颱風來了
12 個可以點的單字 · 可以隨時暫停、轉動場景
逐字稿(14 段)
- 1Welcome to the coast of Taiwan. It is typhoon season, and a typhoon is coming across the sea.歡迎來到台灣的海邊。現在是颱風季,有一個颱風正從海上過來。
- 2This is a typhoon, a huge spinning storm that forms over warm ocean water.這就是颱風,一個在溫暖海面上形成的巨大旋轉風暴。
- 3Look at the arrows. North of the equator, typhoons spin anticlockwise.看這些箭頭。在赤道以北,颱風是逆時針旋轉的。
- 4Warm water is the storm's fuel. The sea must be warmer than about 26.5 degrees.溫暖的海水就是颱風的燃料。海水溫度要高於大約 26.5 度。
- 5A typhoon also needs moist air. Warm water and moist air help it grow.颱風還需要潮濕的空氣。溫暖的海水加上潮濕的空氣,讓它長大。
- 6Typhoons never form right on the equator, because the Earth's spin has no turning effect there.颱風不會在赤道正上方生成,因為地球自轉在那裡沒有偏轉的效果。
- 7The centre of the storm is the eye. The ring of cloud around it has the strongest wind.風暴的中心叫做颱風眼。圍著它的那一圈雲,風最強。
- 8Inside the eye it is calm. The wind stops for a while, then comes back from the opposite direction.颱風眼裡很平靜。風會停一陣子,然後從相反的方向吹回來。
- 9Over land, the typhoon loses its warm-water fuel, so it starts to weaken.到了陸地上,颱風失去溫暖海水這個燃料,就開始減弱。
- 10But Taiwan's mountains squeeze huge amounts of rain out of the storm. The rain can cause a landslide.可是台灣的山脈會從颱風裡擠出驚人的雨量,大雨可能造成土石流。
- 11Rain can flood towns too. In 2001, Typhoon Nari flooded the Taipei MRT.大雨也會讓城鎮淹水。2001 年,納莉颱風讓台北捷運淹水。
- 12A sea warning comes first, then a land warning. The storm is expected to affect Taiwan within 18 hours.先發海上警報,再發陸上警報。陸上警報表示颱風預計在 18 小時內影響台灣。
- 13People in the mountains and low areas evacuate early. That is much more important than closing windows.山區和低窪地區的人要提早疏散。這比關窗戶重要得多。
- 14Now it's your turn. Turn the coast around and click on anything you see.現在換你了。轉動海岸,點點看你看到的每一樣東西。
One Storm, Three Names同一種風暴,三個名字
A typhoon is a huge spinning storm that forms over warm ocean water. The same storm has different names in different parts of the world.颱風是在溫暖的海面上形成的巨大旋轉風暴。同樣的風暴在世界不同地方有不同的名字。
In the western Pacific, near Taiwan, Japan and the Philippines, we call it a typhoon. In the Atlantic and the eastern Pacific it is a hurricane. In the Indian Ocean it is a cyclone.在台灣、日本、菲律賓附近的西太平洋,我們叫它颱風(typhoon)。在大西洋和東太平洋叫颶風(hurricane)。在印度洋叫旋風(cyclone)。
They are all the same kind of storm. Only the ocean is different.它們都是同一種風暴,不同的只是海域。
A typhoon needs three things to grow: ocean water warmer than about 26.5 degrees, moist air, and enough distance from the equator for the Earth's spin to start turning it.颱風要生成需要三個條件:海水溫度高於大約 26.5 度、潮濕的空氣,以及離赤道夠遠、讓地球自轉開始帶動它旋轉。
How a Typhoon Is Built颱風的構造
- The eye颱風眼
- The centre of the storm is calm and often sunny. If the eye passes over you, the wind stops for a while — and then comes back from the opposite direction.風暴的中心是平靜的,常常還會出太陽。如果颱風眼經過你頭上,風會停一陣子——然後從相反的方向再吹回來。
- The eyewall眼牆
- The ring of cloud around the eye holds the strongest wind and the heaviest rain. This is the most dangerous part of the storm.圍繞颱風眼的那一圈雲帶著最強的風和最大的雨。這是整個風暴最危險的部分。
- Warm water is the fuel溫暖的海水就是燃料
- A typhoon takes energy from warm sea water. Once it moves over land or cold water, it loses its fuel and weakens.颱風從溫暖的海水取得能量。一旦它移到陸地或冷水上,就失去燃料而減弱。
- Rain can be worse than wind雨可能比風更可怕
- In Taiwan the mountains force the storm's air upwards, which squeezes out enormous amounts of rain. Landslides and floods often cause more damage than the wind itself.在台灣,山脈把風暴的空氣往上抬,擠出驚人的雨量。土石流和淹水造成的災害往往比風本身更嚴重。
- Storms have names颱風有名字
- Fourteen countries around the western Pacific each contribute names to a shared list, which is used in order and then repeated. A name is retired if the storm was especially deadly.西太平洋周邊十四個國家各自提供名字組成一份共用清單,照順序使用、用完再循環。造成特別重大災害的颱風,名字會被除名不再使用。
Taiwan's Typhoon Scale台灣的颱風分級
| Level 分級 | Wind speed 近中心風速 | Beaufort 蒲福風級 |
|---|---|---|
| Mild typhoon 輕度颱風 | 17.2 – 32.6 m/s 公尺/秒 | 8 – 11 |
| Moderate typhoon 中度颱風 | 32.7 – 50.9 m/s 公尺/秒 | 12 – 15 |
| Severe typhoon 強烈颱風 | 51.0 m/s and above 以上 | 16 and above 以上 |
資料查證至 2025 年底
這是中央氣象署的分法,跟美國用的薩菲爾—辛普森五級制(Category 1–5)不一樣。所以同一個颱風,台灣說「中度」而美國新聞說「Category 4」,兩邊都沒有講錯。
Typhoons That Taiwan Remembers台灣記得的颱風
| Typhoon 颱風 | Year 年份 | What happened 發生了什麼 |
|---|---|---|
| Morakot 莫拉克 | 2009 | Over 2,900 mm of rain in three days 三天下超過 2,900 毫米的雨 |
| Nari 納莉 | 2001 | Flooded the Taipei MRT 台北捷運淹水 |
| Herb 賀伯 | 1996 | Record rainfall in the mountains 山區破紀錄雨量 |
資料查證至 2025 年底
莫拉克三天下的雨,比台北一整年的平均雨量還多。這就是為什麼颱風來的時候,山區和低窪地區的疏散比關窗戶重要得多。
Did You Know?你知道嗎?
- Typhoons never form right on the equator, because the Earth's spin has no turning effect there.颱風不會在赤道正上方生成,因為地球自轉在那裡沒有偏轉的效果。
- In the northern hemisphere typhoons spin anticlockwise. South of the equator they spin the other way.在北半球,颱風逆時針旋轉。赤道以南則是相反方向。
- Taiwan's typhoon season runs mainly from July to September.台灣的颱風季主要落在七月到九月。
- A sea warning comes first, then a land warning. The land warning means the storm is expected to affect Taiwan within 18 hours.先發海上警報,再發陸上警報。陸上警報表示颱風預計在 18 小時內影響台灣陸地。
Key Words單字表
storm/stɔːrm/n.
風暴
The storm formed over warm water.這個風暴在溫暖的海面上形成。
spin/spɪn/v.
旋轉
Typhoons spin anticlockwise in the north.北半球的颱風逆時針旋轉。
eye/aɪ/n.
颱風眼
The eye of the storm is calm.颱風眼裡很平靜。
calm/kɑːm/adj.
平靜的
It went calm for twenty minutes.有二十分鐘完全平靜。
moist/mɔɪst/adj.
潮濕的
A typhoon needs moist air.颱風需要潮濕的空氣。
equator/ɪˈkweɪ.t̬ɚ/n.
赤道
Storms do not form on the equator.風暴不會在赤道上形成。
fuel/fjuːl/n.
燃料
Warm water is the storm's fuel.溫暖的海水是風暴的燃料。
weaken/ˈwiː.kən/v.
減弱
It weakens over land.它到陸地上就會減弱。
landslide/ˈlænd.slaɪd/n.
土石流
The rain caused landslides.大雨造成土石流。
flood/flʌd/n. / v.
洪水;淹水
The storm flooded the MRT.那場颱風淹了捷運。
warning/ˈwɔːr.nɪŋ/n.
警報
A land warning was issued.發布了陸上警報。
evacuate/ɪˈvæk.ju.eɪt/v.
疏散
Villages in the mountains evacuated early.山區的村落提早疏散。
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