複合關係詞：what / whatever / whoever / however …Compound Relatives

複合關係代名詞：先行詞已經「包在裡面」

國中學的關係代名詞前面一定有先行詞：the thing that I need。複合關係代名詞把先行詞和關代合成一個字，所以前面不再放名詞。what = the thing(s) that；whatever = anything that；whoever = anyone who；whichever = any one (of a limited group) that。它們引導的子句是名詞子句，可以當主詞、受詞或補語。中文「我需要的是時間」常被寫成 The thing what I need，這是把先行詞寫了兩次。

• What I need right now is a good night's sleep.我現在需要的是好好睡一覺。（what = the thing that）

• You can order whatever you want from the menu.菜單上你想點什麼都可以。（= anything that）

• Whoever finishes the quiz first can leave early.誰先寫完小考就可以先走。（= anyone who）

• There are two routes to the stadium. Take whichever is faster.去體育場有兩條路，走比較快的那條就好。（有範圍的選擇用 whichever）

whoever 還是 whomever？看它在「自己的子句」裡當什麼

whoever / whomever 的格由它在子句裡的角色決定，不是由前面的介系詞決定。Give the prize to whoever wins. 雖然前面有 to，但 whoever 是 wins 的主詞，所以用主格。現代英文裡 whomever 很少用，學測遇到的幾乎都是 whoever。

• The scholarship will go to whoever writes the best essay.獎學金會頒給寫出最好文章的人。

• Whoever broke the window should tell the teacher.打破窗戶的人應該去跟老師說。

讓步子句：-ever = no matter + wh-

whatever、whoever、whichever、whenever、wherever、however 引導副詞子句時，表示「不論……」，可以改寫成 no matter what / who / which / when / where / how。反過來就不行：no matter 只能引導讓步的副詞子句，不能當名詞子句的主詞或受詞。however 表示「不論多麼」時，後面緊接形容詞或副詞，語序是 however + adj/adv + S + V，中文「不管你多累」不能寫成 however you are tired。

• Whatever happens, I will support your decision.不論發生什麼事，我都支持你的決定。

• No matter where you go, you can find a convenience store in Taipei.在台北不管走到哪裡都找得到便利商店。

• However tired you are, you should finish your lab report tonight.不管你多累，今晚都該把實驗報告寫完。

• Whenever I hear this song, I think of my junior high friends.每當聽到這首歌，我就想起國中的朋友。

複合關係詞一覽

名詞子句只能用 -ever / what 開頭；no matter 開頭的一定是讓步的副詞子句，句子另外要有自己的主要子句。

常見錯誤

• ✗The thing what I need is more time.
  ✓What I need is more time.what 已經包含先行詞，不能再放 the thing；要保留 the thing 就用 that。
• ✗However you are busy, you should eat breakfast.
  ✓However busy you are, you should eat breakfast.however 表「不論多麼」時，形容詞要緊跟在 however 後面。
• ✗No matter who wins the election will face many challenges.
  ✓Whoever wins the election will face many challenges.這裡的子句是整句的主詞（名詞子句），只能用 whoever，no matter who 只能引導讓步子句。
• ✗The prize goes to whomever gets the highest score.
  ✓The prize goes to whoever gets the highest score.whoever 在子句裡是 gets 的主詞，用主格，跟前面的 to 無關。