副詞子句連接詞的細分Subordinating Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses

副詞子句連接詞總整理

所有表「條件」和「時間」的副詞子句，談未來時一律用現在式代替未來式：if / unless / once / until / as soon as / in case + 現在式。

讓步：although 不和 but 同時出現；even if ≠ even though

中文習慣「雖然……但是……」成對出現，英文只能擇一：用了 although / though，後面就不能再接 but。even though 是「雖然（確實如此）」，講事實；even if 是「即使（假如真的）」，講假設。though 還可以放在句尾當副詞，意思是「不過」，這是口語常見用法。

• Although he studied hard, he failed the math test.雖然他很用功，數學還是沒考過。

• Even though she was tired, she stayed to help clean up.雖然她很累，還是留下來幫忙打掃。（她確實累）

• Even if you fail this time, you can try again next year.即使這次沒考好，明年還可以再考。（不一定會失敗）

• The food was expensive. It was delicious, though.東西很貴，不過很好吃。

條件：unless 自帶否定，in case 是「以防」

unless = if … not，子句裡不要再加 not，否則變成雙重否定。as long as / provided (that) 是「只要……（條件成立）就……」。in case 是「以防萬一」，不是「如果」：Take an umbrella in case it rains. 意思是先帶傘，免得下雨；不帶傘的條件不是「下雨」。

• You will miss the bus unless you leave now.除非現在出門，不然你會錯過公車。

• You can borrow my notes as long as you return them by Friday.只要週五前還我，筆記可以借你。

• Bring a jacket in case it gets cold in the mountains.帶件外套，以防山上變冷。

because / because of / due to；by the time 的時態

because 是連接詞，後面接子句；because of 和 due to 是介系詞片語，後面接名詞。due to 在正式寫作裡常放在 be 動詞後當補語：The delay was due to heavy rain.。時間連接詞裡最常考的是 by the time：「到……的時候（某事已經完成）」，子句是過去式時，主要子句通常用過去完成式；once 是「一旦」，until 是「直到」。

• The flight was delayed because of the storm.班機因為暴風雨延誤。

• The delay was due to a technical problem.延誤是技術問題造成的。

• By the time we arrived, the movie had already started.我們到的時候，電影已經開始了。

• Once you get used to it, driving is easy.一旦習慣了，開車就很容易。

常見錯誤

• ✗Although it rained, but we went hiking.
  ✓Although it rained, we went hiking.although 和 but 只能用一個，這是中文「雖然……但是」的直譯。
• ✗Unless you don't hurry, you'll miss the bus.
  ✓Unless you hurry, you'll miss the bus.unless 已經是 if … not，不能再加 not。
• ✗Because of it was raining, the game was canceled.
  ✓Because it was raining, the game was canceled.because of 後面接名詞，接子句要用 because。
• ✗Take an umbrella in case it will rain.
  ✓Take an umbrella in case it rains.條件與時間副詞子句用現在式表未來。
• ✗By the time we got to the station, the train already left.
  ✓By the time we got to the station, the train had already left.by the time + 過去式，主要子句用過去完成式表示「在那之前已經發生」。