Programming程式設計

寫程式最難的部分不是打字，是把一件你自己都沒想清楚的事，講到一台完全不會猜的機器聽得懂。

CEFR B1閱讀約 6 分鐘 · 12 個單字 · 測驗卷 100 分

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The Coding Club程式社團

12 個可以點的單字 · 可以隨時暫停、轉動場景

逐字稿（15 段）
  1. 1Welcome to the coding club! Let's see how programmers really think.歡迎來到程式社團！來看看寫程式的人到底是怎麼想的。
  2. 2This robot follows a program to make a sandwich. A program is a list of instructions.這台機器人照著程式做三明治。程式就是一串指令。
  3. 3A computer does exactly what you wrote, not what you meant. Every step has to be there.電腦執行的是你寫的，不是你想的。每一步都得寫出來。
  4. 4So break a big problem into small steps, until each step is obvious.所以要把大問題拆成小步驟，拆到每一步都顯而易見。
  5. 5This box is a variable. It has a name, and it holds a value.這個箱子是一個變數。它有名字，裡面裝著一個值。
  6. 6Here is a new value, seven. You can look inside the box, or put something new in.這是一個新的值：7。你可以看箱子裡裝什麼，也可以放新的東西進去。
  7. 7A condition is a yes-or-no test. If it is true, go this way. If not, go that way.條件是一個是非判斷。成立就走這邊，不成立就走那邊。
  8. 8A loop goes round and round until a condition changes.迴圈一圈又一圈地跑，直到條件改變為止。
  9. 9A loop can repeat a step a million times, so you never write a million lines.迴圈可以把一個步驟重複一百萬次，你就不必寫一百萬行。
  10. 10A function is a named block of steps. Put something in, and it gives something back.函式是一段有名字的步驟。放東西進去，它就交回一個結果。
  11. 11A function is reusable, like this bottle. If you write the same thing twice, you need one.函式是可重用的，就像這支水壺。同樣的東西寫了兩次，就該做成函式。
  12. 12A bug is a mistake in the instructions. The first computer bug was a real moth, found in 1947.臭蟲是指令裡的錯誤。第一個電腦 bug 是 1947 年發現的一隻真的蛾。
  13. 13To fix a bug, first reproduce it. Make the same problem happen again on purpose.要修錯誤，先讓它重現：故意讓同樣的問題再發生一次。
  14. 14Then debug: find where your idea and the machine stopped agreeing. Explaining it to a rubber duck really helps!接著除錯：找出你的想法和機器從哪裡開始不一樣。講給小黃鴨聽真的有用！
  15. 15Now it's your turn. Click on any block and see what it does.現在換你了。點點看每一塊積木，看看它們在做什麼。

Instructions for Something That Never Guesses寫給一台永遠不會猜的東西

A program is a list of instructions. The hard part is that a computer does exactly what you wrote, not what you meant.程式就是一串指令。困難的地方在於：電腦執行的是你「寫」的，不是你「想」的。

If you tell a person to make a sandwich, they fill in the gaps. A computer does not. Every step has to be there.你叫一個人做三明治，他會自己補上沒說到的部分。電腦不會。每一步都得寫出來。

So most of programming is really thinking: breaking a big problem into steps small enough that each one is obvious.所以寫程式大部分其實是在思考：把一個大問題拆成小到每一步都顯而易見的步驟。

Once you can do that, the language you write it in is the easy part.一旦你做得到這件事，用哪種語言寫反而是簡單的部分。

The Building Blocks基本積木

Variable變數
A named box that holds a value. You can look at what is inside, and you can put something new in.一個有名字的盒子，裡面裝著一個值。你可以看裡面是什麼，也可以放新的東西進去。
Condition條件
If this is true, do that; otherwise do something else. This is how a program makes a decision.如果這件事成立就做這個，否則做別的。程式就是這樣做決定的。
Loop迴圈
Repeat something until a condition changes. Loops are why a computer can check a million records without you writing a million lines.重複做某件事，直到條件改變。因為有迴圈，電腦才能檢查一百萬筆資料，而你不必寫一百萬行。
Function函式
A named block of steps you can use again. Writing the same thing twice is the sign that you need one.一段有名字、可以重複使用的步驟。同樣的東西寫了兩次，就是該抽成函式的訊號。
Bug臭蟲
A mistake in the instructions. Debugging is not typing faster — it is narrowing down where your idea and the machine's behaviour stopped agreeing.指令裡的錯誤。除錯不是打字打快一點，而是逐步縮小範圍，找出你的想法和機器的行為從哪裡開始分岔。

Words You Will See in Any Language在任何語言裡都會看到的字

English 英文Chinese 中文What it means 意思
variable變數A named place to keep a value 存放值的地方
value值The thing inside 裡面的東西
function函式A reusable block of steps 可重用的步驟
argument引數What you hand to a function 傳給函式的東西
return回傳What a function gives back 函式交回來的東西
loop迴圈Repeat until something changes 重複到條件改變
condition條件A yes-or-no test 一個是非判斷
debug除錯Find and fix a mistake 找出並修正錯誤

資料查證至 2025 年底

幾乎所有程式語言的關鍵字都是英文，所以這一批字學起來特別划算——它們在 Python、JavaScript、Java 裡長得幾乎一樣。

Did You Know?你知道嗎？

  • Programmers spend far more time reading code than writing it, which is why clear names matter more than clever tricks.工程師讀程式的時間遠多於寫程式，所以取好名字比耍聰明重要得多。
  • Rubber duck debugging is a real technique: explain your code out loud, line by line, to anything at all. You usually find the bug while explaining.「小黃鴨除錯法」是真的方法：把你的程式一行一行大聲解釋給任何東西聽。你通常會在解釋的過程中自己找到錯。
  • Grace Hopper helped create the idea that programs could be written in words rather than numbers, which led to modern languages.葛麗絲・霍普推動了「程式可以用文字而不是數字來寫」的想法，這催生了現代程式語言。
  • The first rule of fixing a program is to make the problem happen again on purpose. A bug you cannot reproduce is a bug you cannot fix.修程式的第一條守則是「先讓錯誤重現」。無法重現的錯誤就無法修好。

Key Words單字表

  • program/ˈproʊ.ɡræm/n. / v.

    程式；寫程式

    A program is a list of instructions.程式是一串指令。

  • variable/ˈver.i.ə.bəl/n.

    變數

    A variable holds a value.變數存放一個值。

  • value/ˈvæl.juː/n.

    值

    You can change the value.你可以改變那個值。

  • condition/kənˈdɪʃ.ən/n.

    條件

    The condition decides what happens.條件決定接下來發生什麼。

  • loop/luːp/n.

    迴圈

    A loop repeats the steps.迴圈重複那些步驟。

  • repeat/rɪˈpiːt/v.

    重複

    It repeats until the list ends.它重複到清單結束為止。

  • function/ˈfʌŋk.ʃən/n.

    函式

    Put the steps in a function.把步驟放進一個函式。

  • reusable/ˌriːˈjuː.zə.bəl/adj.

    可重用的

    A function is reusable.函式是可重用的。

  • bug/bʌɡ/n.

    程式錯誤

    There is a bug in this line.這一行有個錯誤。

  • debug/ˌdiːˈbʌɡ/v.

    除錯

    It took an hour to debug it.花了一小時才除完錯。

  • reproduce/ˌriː.prəˈduːs/v.

    重現

    First reproduce the problem.先讓問題重現。

  • obvious/ˈɑːb.vi.əs/adj.

    顯而易見的

    Break it down until each step is obvious.拆到每一步都顯而易見為止。

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