The Internet網際網路

你傳的訊息不是一整條送過去的——它被切成小包，各走各的路，到了另一端才重新拼起來。

CEFR B1閱讀約 6 分鐘 · 12 個單字 · 測驗卷 100 分

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A Message's Journey一則訊息的旅程

12 個可以點的單字 · 可以隨時暫停、轉動場景

逐字稿（15 段）
  1. 1Welcome to the internet! Let's follow one message from this shore to the house across the sea.歡迎來到網際網路！我們跟著一則訊息，從這邊岸上出發，送到海對面的房子。
  2. 2It starts in a browser, the program that shows web pages.一切從瀏覽器開始，它是顯示網頁的程式。
  3. 3The internet does not send your message in one piece. It cuts it into small packets.網際網路不會把你的訊息整塊送出去，而是切成一個個小封包。
  4. 4People remember names, but computers use numbers. DNS translates a name into a number, like a phone book.人記得住名字，電腦用的卻是數字。DNS 像電話簿一樣，把名字轉換成數字。
  5. 5That number is an IP address. Every device has one, like the number on a house.那個數字就是 IP 位址。每台裝置都有一個，就像房子的門牌。
  6. 6Two packets from the same message may take different routes. If one route is blocked, they go another way.同一則訊息的兩個封包可能走不同的路徑。某條路不通，就換一條走。
  7. 7A router passes each packet to a neighbour one step closer. No single machine knows the whole path.路由器把封包交給離目的地近一步的鄰居。沒有任何一台機器知道整條路。
  8. 8Most international traffic runs through cables on the ocean floor, not through satellites.大部分的國際網路流量走的是海底電纜，不是衛星。
  9. 9These cables are about as thick as a garden hose. Ships sometimes cut them by accident with their anchors.這些電纜大約跟花園水管一樣粗，船錨有時會不小心把它們扯斷。
  10. 10Inside are fibres. Data travels through the fibre as light, at about two thirds of the speed of light.電纜裡面是光纖。資料以光的形式在光纖裡跑，速度大約是光速的三分之二。
  11. 11HTTPS encrypts your packets. The S stands for secure.HTTPS 會把你的封包加密。S 代表 secure，安全。
  12. 12So anyone who intercepts the packets sees only nonsense.所以就算有人攔截封包，看到的也只是一堆亂碼。
  13. 13At the destination, the packets are put back in order. If one goes missing, only that one is sent again.到了目的地，封包再按順序拼回去。掉了一個，就只重送那一個。
  14. 14Even so, a video call to the other side of the world still has a small delay.即使這樣，跟地球另一端視訊的時候，還是會有一點點延遲。
  15. 15Now it's your turn. Click on anything and follow the packets yourself.現在換你了。點點看每樣東西，自己跟著封包走一趟。

Cut It Up and Send the Pieces切開來，一片一片送

When you send a message, the internet does not send it as one piece. It cuts it into small packets.當你傳送訊息時，網際網路不會把它當成一整塊送出去。它把訊息切成小小的封包。

Each packet carries the address it is going to, and finds its own way there. Two packets from the same message may travel completely different routes.每個封包帶著目的地位址，自己找路過去。同一則訊息的兩個封包可能走完全不同的路徑。

At the other end the packets are put back in order. If one goes missing, only that packet is sent again — not the whole message.到了另一端，封包再按順序拼回去。如果有一個掉了，只要重送那一個，不必重送整則訊息。

This design was chosen because it survives damage. If one route stops working, the packets simply go another way.這個設計之所以被選中，是因為它能承受損壞。某條路不通，封包就換一條走。

How Your Message Finds You訊息怎麼找到你

Every device has an address每台裝置都有位址
An IP address identifies a device on the network, in the same way a street address identifies a house.IP 位址在網路上標識一台裝置，就像門牌標識一棟房子。
DNS is the phone bookDNS 是電話簿
People remember names, computers use numbers. DNS translates a name like example.com into the IP address behind it.人記得住名字，電腦用的是數字。DNS 把 example.com 這種名字翻譯成背後的 IP 位址。
Routers pass packets along路由器一站一站傳
No single machine knows the whole path. Each router only knows which neighbour is a step closer to the destination, and passes the packet on.沒有任何一台機器知道整條路徑。每個路由器只知道哪個鄰居離目的地近一步，然後把封包傳過去。
Most of it travels in cables under the sea大部分走的是海底電纜
People imagine satellites, but the great majority of international internet traffic runs through fibre optic cables lying on the ocean floor.大家想像的是衛星，但絕大多數的國際網路流量其實走的是躺在海底的光纖電纜。
HTTPS means it is scrambledHTTPS 表示內容被打亂了
The S stands for secure. It means the content is encrypted, so anyone who intercepts the packets sees only nonsense.S 代表 secure（安全）。它表示內容經過加密，就算有人攔截封包，看到的也只是亂碼。

Words People Mix Up常被搞混的詞

Term 名詞What it actually is 其實是什麼
The internet 網際網路The network of connected machines 相連機器組成的網路
The web 全球資訊網One service that runs on the internet 跑在網路上的其中一種服務
A browser 瀏覽器A program that displays web pages 顯示網頁的程式
A search engine 搜尋引擎A website that helps you find other websites 幫你找到其他網站的網站
Wi-FiA way to connect without a cable, not the internet itself 一種不用線的連接方式，不等於網路本身

資料查證至 2025 年底

「網路」和「網頁」不是同義詞。電子郵件和線上遊戲都跑在網際網路上，但都不是全球資訊網的一部分。而 Wi-Fi 斷了不代表網路斷了。

Did You Know?你知道嗎？

  • The first message sent between two computers in 1969 was meant to be LOGIN. The system crashed after two letters, so the first word ever sent was LO.1969 年兩台電腦之間傳送的第一則訊息本來要打 LOGIN。系統在兩個字母後就當掉了，所以史上第一個傳出去的字是 LO。
  • Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989 and gave it away for free instead of patenting it.提姆・柏內茲—李在 1989 年發明全球資訊網，並且選擇免費公開而不是申請專利。
  • Undersea cables are about as thick as a garden hose, and ships sometimes cut them by accident with their anchors.海底電纜大約跟花園水管一樣粗，船隻的錨有時會不小心把它們扯斷。
  • Data travels through fibre at around two thirds the speed of light, which is why a video call to the other side of the world still has a small delay.資料在光纖裡以大約三分之二光速前進，這就是為什麼跟地球另一端視訊時還是會有一點點延遲。

Key Words單字表

  • packet/ˈpæk.ɪt/n.

    封包

    The message is cut into packets.訊息被切成封包。

  • route/ruːt/n. / v.

    路徑；路由

    Packets may take different routes.封包可能走不同路徑。

  • address/ˈæd.res/n.

    位址

    Every device has an address.每台裝置都有位址。

  • translate/trænzˈleɪt/v.

    轉換

    DNS translates names into numbers.DNS 把名字轉換成數字。

  • router/ˈruː.t̬ɚ/n.

    路由器

    Routers pass packets along.路由器一站一站傳封包。

  • destination/ˌdes.təˈneɪ.ʃən/n.

    目的地

    Each step is closer to the destination.每一步都更接近目的地。

  • cable/ˈkeɪ.bəl/n.

    電纜

    Undersea cables carry most traffic.海底電纜承載大部分流量。

  • fibre/ˈfaɪ.bɚ/n.

    光纖

    Light travels through the fibre.光在光纖裡傳送。

  • encrypt/ɪnˈkrɪpt/v.

    加密

    HTTPS encrypts the content.HTTPS 會把內容加密。

  • intercept/ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈsept/v.

    攔截

    Someone who intercepts it sees nonsense.攔截的人只會看到亂碼。

  • browser/ˈbraʊ.zɚ/n.

    瀏覽器

    A browser displays web pages.瀏覽器顯示網頁。

  • delay/dɪˈleɪ/n.

    延遲

    There is still a small delay.還是會有一點延遲。

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