分詞當形容詞：-ing 與 -edParticiples as Adjectives

情緒分詞：-ing 令人……，-ed 感到……

英文的情緒動詞（bore、interest、excite、surprise、disappoint、confuse、embarrass…）本意是「使人……」。現在分詞 -ing 表示主動：這件事「令人」無聊、驚訝，通常修飾事物；過去分詞 -ed 表示被動：某人「被弄得」、感到無聊、驚訝，通常修飾人。中文「我很無聊」直翻成 I am boring，意思變成「我這個人很無趣」。

• The lecture was so boring that half the class fell asleep.那場演講無聊到半班都睡著了。

• I was bored during the long flight.長途飛行中我覺得很無聊。

• The results of the survey were surprising.調查結果令人驚訝。

• Many fans were disappointed by the final score.很多球迷對最後的比數感到失望。

-ing 與 -ed 對照

判斷法：把被修飾的名詞當主詞，問「它是自己在做這個動作，還是被做？」自己做 → -ing；被做 → -ed。

分詞片語放在名詞後面：關係子句的減化

單一個分詞放在名詞前面（a sleeping baby）；分詞帶著受詞或修飾語變成片語時，要放在名詞後面。它其實是關係子句省略「關代 + be 動詞」：the man who is standing there → the man standing there；the book which was written by… → the book written by…。沒有 be 動詞的主動子句，則把動詞改成 -ing：students who live nearby → students living nearby。

• Do you know the man standing by the door?你認識站在門邊的那個人嗎？

• The novel written by that high school student became a bestseller.那位高中生寫的小說成了暢銷書。

• Students living far from school can apply for the dorm.住得離學校遠的學生可以申請宿舍。

• Most of the products sold in this shop are made in Taiwan.這家店賣的產品大多是台灣製造。

常見錯誤

• ✗I am very boring today.
  ✓I am very bored today.「我覺得無聊」是人感到情緒，用 -ed；I am boring 是「我是個無趣的人」。
• ✗The news was really shocked.
  ✓The news was really shocking.新聞是「令人震驚」的來源，用 -ing。
• ✗The girl sat next to me is my classmate.
  ✓The girl sitting next to me is my classmate.sit 是主動、不及物，減化後用 sitting；sat 會讓句子多出一個動詞。
• ✗The letter writing in English was hard to read.
  ✓The letter written in English was hard to read.信是「被寫」的，用過去分詞 written。
• ✗Look at those fell leaves.
  ✓Look at those fallen leaves.當形容詞要用過去分詞 fallen，fell 是過去式。