高一下 · 單元 3 / 3

分詞構句Participle Clauses

學完你會:會把 when / because / if 帶出的副詞子句減化成分詞構句,並避開主詞不一致的懸垂分詞。

  1. ① 文法課
  2. ② 單字 174
  3. ③ 句型與閱讀
  4. ④ 單元小考

① 文法課

三步驟:把副詞子句減化成分詞構句

當副詞子句和主要子句的主詞相同時,可以把副詞子句縮短:一、去掉連接詞(when、because、after…;為了意思清楚也可以保留 when、while、after、before);二、去掉相同的主詞;三、動詞改成分詞——主動用 V-ing,被動用 p.p.(being 省略)。句子變得精簡,是正式寫作與學測閱讀文章常見的寫法。

  • Walking along the beach, we saw a group of dolphins.沿著海灘散步時,我們看到一群海豚。(= When we were walking…)

  • Feeling tired, Amy went to bed early.因為覺得累,Amy 很早就去睡了。(= Because she felt tired…)

  • Written in simple English, the book is easy for beginners.這本書用簡單的英文寫成,初學者很容易讀。(= Because it is written…)

  • After finishing her homework, she went out to play basketball.寫完功課後,她出去打籃球。

分詞構句的四種意思與幾種形式

意思 / 形式原來的子句分詞構句
時間When he heard the news, he burst into tears.Hearing the news, he burst into tears.
原因Because I didn't know what to say, I kept silent.Not knowing what to say, I kept silent.
條件If it is used properly, AI can save us time.Used properly, AI can save us time.
附帶狀況(一邊…一邊…)She sat by the window and read a novel.She sat by the window, reading a novel.
先完成再發生Because he had lost his key, he couldn't get in.Having lost his key, he couldn't get in.

否定的 not / never 放在分詞前面。分詞的動作比主要動詞早發生、要強調先後時,用 Having + p.p.;被動再加上 been:Having been told…。

主詞不同:獨立分詞構句

兩個子句的主詞不同時,副詞子句的主詞不能拿掉,要保留在分詞前面,這叫獨立分詞構句。最常見的是天氣、時間和 with 的附帶狀況;有些已成固定用語,主詞是泛指的一般人,不必一致:generally speaking、judging from…、considering…、frankly speaking。

  • The weather being fine, we decided to hike up Yangmingshan.因為天氣很好,我們決定去爬陽明山。

  • All things considered, the school festival was a success.整體考量下來,校慶辦得很成功。

  • He listened to the speech with his arms crossed.他雙臂交叉聽著演講。

  • Generally speaking, girls in our class do better in English.一般來說,我們班女生英文比較好。

懸垂分詞:最常見的錯

分詞構句沒有自己的主詞,讀者會自動把主要子句的主詞當成它的主詞。如果兩者不是同一個,就變成懸垂分詞(dangling participle),意思會很好笑:Walking into the room, the lights went off. 像是「燈走進房間」。改法有兩種:把主要子句的主詞換成真正做動作的人,或者把分詞構句還原成完整的副詞子句。

  • Walking into the room, I noticed that the lights went off.走進房間時,我注意到燈熄了。

  • When I walked into the room, the lights went off.我走進房間時,燈熄了。

常見錯誤

  • ✗Walking to school, the rain started to fall.
    ✓Walking to school, I felt the rain start to fall.分詞構句的主詞要和主要子句一致;雨不會走路上學,這是懸垂分詞。
  • ✗Seeing from the top of Taipei 101, the city looks tiny.
    ✓Seen from the top of Taipei 101, the city looks tiny.城市是「被看」的,被動要用過去分詞 seen。
  • ✗Knowing not the answer, he stayed quiet.
    ✓Not knowing the answer, he stayed quiet.否定詞 not 放在分詞前面。
  • ✗It being rainy, so we canceled the picnic.
    ✓It being rainy, we canceled the picnic.分詞構句本身已表示原因,不能再加連接詞 so。
  • ✗Finished the report, she sent it to her teacher.
    ✓Having finished the report, she sent it to her teacher.她是主動完成報告,而且先完成才寄出,用 Having + p.p.;Finished 是被動。

學測怎麼考

學測綜合測驗與文意選填常在句首挖空,考 V-ing 還是 p.p.,判斷方法是看主要子句的主詞是「做」還是「被做」;作文用一兩個正確的分詞構句能讓句子更精鍊,但寫之前一定要確認主詞一致,避免懸垂分詞。

② 這個單元的單字

高一下的 521 個字平均分給 3 個單元,這是第 3 段。

③ 句型與閱讀

④ 單元小考

10 題文法 + 5 題單字,80 分通過。填空和改錯不看大小寫與句尾標點。

  1. 1.____ from space, the Earth looks like a blue marble.

  2. 2.____ what to do, the new student asked the teacher for help.

  3. 3.____ all his money, Tom had to walk home.

  4. 4.The teacher came in, ____ a pile of test papers.

  5. 5.Which sentence has a dangling participle?

  6. 6.____ by the loud noise, the baby started crying. (frighten)

  7. 7.Night ____, the campers built a fire to keep warm. (fall)

  8. 8.____ properly, this medicine is quite safe. (take)

  9. 9.改錯Seeing from the plane, the island looked like a green leaf.

  10. 10.改錯Written the letter, she mailed it right away.

  11. 11.「undoing」是什麼意思?

  12. 12.「languor」是什麼意思?

  13. 13.「umbrage」是什麼意思?

  14. 14.「duress」是什麼意思?

  15. 15.「convoy」是什麼意思?

已作答 0 / 15 題

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