高三上 · 單元 1 / 2

中翻英常用句型Sentence Patterns for Chinese-English Translation

學完你會:把學測翻譯題常見的中文結構(強調、越……越……、不但……而且、之所以……是因為、使得)轉成正確的英文句型,並避開主詞不清、少動詞、逗號連句等中式英文。

  1. ① 文法課
  2. ② 單字 260
  3. ③ 句型與閱讀
  4. ④ 單元小考

① 文法課

先找主詞和動詞:中文常省的,英文一個都不能少

中文可以沒有主詞(「下雨了,不去了」),也常用形容詞直接當謂語(「這家店很好吃」),更可以用逗號把好幾個句子串在一起。英文每個句子都要有明確的主詞和一個限定動詞,兩個完整的句子之間要有連接詞或句號。翻譯前先問自己:真正的主詞是誰?動詞是什麼?句子有幾個?——這一步做對,翻譯就先拿到一半的分數。

  • The food at this restaurant is delicious.這家餐廳很好吃。(好吃的是食物,不是餐廳)

  • It was raining, so we stayed home.下雨了,所以我們待在家。

  • Learning a new language takes time.學一種新語言需要時間。(動名詞當主詞)

中文結構 → 英文句型

中文結構英文句型例句
……的是……(強調)What + S + V + is … / It is … that …What impressed me most was her courage.
越……越……The + 比較級 …, the + 比較級 …The more you practice, the better you become.
不但……而且……not only … but (also) …(句首時倒裝)Not only did she win, but she also broke the record.
……之所以……是因為……The reason (why) … is that … / S + V because …The reason he was late was that he missed the bus.
對……來說For + 人, … / It is + adj + for + 人 + to VIt is hard for many students to get up early.
使得……make + O + adj / 原形 VSmartphones make our lives more convenient.
……值得……be worth + V-ingThe museum is worth visiting.

「之所以……是因為」別寫成 The reason … is because …,正式寫作一律用 is that。

the more … the more:形容詞要跟著 the more 一起移到前面

「越……越……」兩半都要用「the + 比較級」開頭,而且比較級後面的形容詞、名詞要一起搬到前面。中文「你越練習,你會變得越有自信」常被寫成 the more you will become confident,正確是 the more confident you will become。

  • The more you practice, the more confident you will become.越練習就會越有自信。

  • The earlier we leave, the sooner we will arrive.越早出發越早到。

  • The more books you read, the larger your vocabulary will be.書讀得越多,字彙量就越大。

強調句與「使得」:兩個最容易加分的結構

中文「是……讓我……」「正是……」可以用分裂句 It is/was + 被強調的部分 + that/who + 其餘部分,或用 what 名詞子句當主詞。「使得、讓」用使役動詞 make:make + 受詞 + 形容詞(make it possible、make us happy)或 make + 受詞 + 原形動詞。make 後面接的補語是形容詞,不是名詞,所以是 more convenient,不是 more convenience。

  • It was my grandmother who taught me how to cook.是我奶奶教我煮菜的。

  • What matters most is your attitude.最重要的是你的態度。

  • The new MRT line makes it easier for people to commute.新的捷運線讓大家通勤更方便。

常見錯誤

  • ✗This restaurant is very delicious.
    ✓The food at this restaurant is very delicious.好吃的是食物,英文主詞要找對,不能照中文直翻。
  • ✗The more you practice, the more you will become fluent.
    ✓The more you practice, the more fluent you will become.比較級形容詞要跟 the more 一起移到句首。
  • ✗The reason why he was late is because he missed the bus.
    ✓The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.the reason 已經表示原因,後面用 is that,不再用 because。
  • ✗I was very tired, I went to bed early.
    ✓I was very tired, so I went to bed early.兩個完整句子不能只用逗號接(comma splice),要加連接詞或用句號分開。
  • ✗Smartphones make our lives more convenience.
    ✓Smartphones make our lives more convenient.make + 受詞 + 形容詞,convenience 是名詞。

學測怎麼考

學測翻譯題通常兩題,每題的評分都看「關鍵句型」與「基本文法」:先把中文拆成主詞、動詞、句數,再套上題目明顯要考的句型(越……越、使得、強調);寧可句子簡單正確,也不要寫出少動詞或逗號連句的長句。

② 這個單元的單字

高三上的 521 個字平均分給 2 個單元,這是第 1 段。

③ 句型與閱讀

④ 單元小考

10 題文法 + 5 題單字,80 分通過。填空和改錯不看大小寫與句尾標點。

  1. 1.「越早出發,就越早到。」最好的翻譯是:

  2. 2.「他之所以遲到,是因為錯過了公車。」最好的翻譯是:

  3. 3.Not only ____ the exam, but she also got the highest score in her class.

  4. 4.「對很多學生來說,早起很難。」最好的翻譯是:

  5. 5.Social media makes it easier ____ people to stay in touch.

  6. 6.The more books you read, the ____ your vocabulary will be. (large)

  7. 7.It was my grandmother ____ taught me how to cook.

  8. 8.改錯The more you practice, the more you will become fluent.

  9. 9.改錯The weather was nice, we went to the beach.

  10. 10.改錯Smartphones make our lives more convenience.

  11. 11.「acerbic」是什麼意思?

  12. 12.「contemptuous」是什麼意思?

  13. 13.「advanced」是什麼意思?

  14. 14.「authentic」是什麼意思?

  15. 15.「superior」是什麼意思?

已作答 0 / 15 題

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