Go圍棋
圍棋的規則比西洋棋還簡單，可能的局面卻多到讓電腦晚了二十年才追上人類。
CEFR B1閱讀約 6 分鐘 · 12 個單字 · 測驗卷 100 分
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The Go Room圍棋室
12 個可以點的單字 · 可以隨時暫停、轉動場景
逐字稿（14 段）
- 1Welcome to the Go room. Go began in China more than 2,500 years ago.歡迎來到圍棋室。圍棋兩千五百多年前起源於中國。
- 2The board is a grid of nineteen by nineteen lines.棋盤是 19 乘 19 條線的格線。
- 3Stones are placed on the intersections, where two lines cross. There are 361 of them.棋子下在兩條線交叉的交叉點上，一共有 361 個。
- 4The black and white stones wait in these bowls. All the stones are the same.黑子和白子放在這兩個棋罐裡。所有棋子都一樣。
- 5Stones do not move once placed. The shape you build is permanent.棋子一放下就不再移動，你下出的棋形是永久的。
- 6The empty points touching a stone are its liberties. This black stone has four.碰到棋子的空點就是它的「氣」。這顆黑子有四口氣。
- 7This white stone has no liberties left, so it is captured and taken off the board.這顆白子一口氣都不剩，所以被提起來，拿出棋盤。
- 8White is placing the last stone to surround these empty points.白棋正在下最後一子，把這幾個空點圍起來。
- 9The goal is to surround more territory than your opponent. This corner is Black's territory.目標是圍出比對手更多的地盤。這個角落是黑棋的地盤。
- 10A weaker player can start with extra stones on the board. This handicap makes the game fair.較弱的一方可以先在盤上放幾顆子。讓子讓對局變得公平。
- 11In 2016 the program AlphaGo beat Lee Sedol. It learned patterns instead of calculating everything.2016 年，AlphaGo 程式擊敗了李世乭。它學的是棋形，不是把一切都算完。
- 12In the second game, AlphaGo played a very unusual move. Commentators thought it was a mistake.第二局 AlphaGo 下了一手非常不尋常的棋，講評以為那是失誤。
- 13But the move turned out to be brilliant.但後來證明，那一手棋非常高明。
- 14Now it's your turn. Look around the Go room and click on anything you see.現在換你了。看看圍棋室，點點看你看到的每一樣東西。
The Simplest Rules, the Hardest Game最簡單的規則，最難的遊戲
Go is played on a grid of nineteen by nineteen lines. Players take turns placing black and white stones on the intersections, and stones do not move once placed.圍棋在 19 乘 19 的格線上進行。雙方輪流把黑白棋子下在交叉點上，落子之後就不再移動。
The goal is to surround more territory than your opponent. That is the whole idea.目標是圍出比對手更多的地盤。整個概念就是這樣。
The rules are simpler than chess, but the board is much larger and almost every point is a legal move. That makes the number of possible positions astronomically bigger.規則比西洋棋簡單，但棋盤大得多，而且幾乎每個點都是合法的落子。這讓可能的局面數量大到天文級。
Go began in China more than 2,500 years ago and spread across East Asia. It is called weiqi in Chinese, igo in Japanese and baduk in Korean.圍棋兩千五百多年前始於中國，傳遍東亞。中文叫圍棋，日文叫囲碁，韓文叫바둑。
How Go Works圍棋怎麼下
- Place, do not move只落子，不移動
- A stone stays where it is put. The board fills up gradually, and the shape you build is permanent unless the stones are captured.棋子放下去就留在那裡。棋盤逐漸被填滿，你建立的形狀是永久的——除非那些子被提走。
- Liberties氣
- The empty points touching a stone are its liberties. A group with no liberties left is captured and taken off the board.碰到棋子的空點就是它的「氣」。一整塊沒有氣了就被提走。
- Territory decides the game地盤決定勝負
- At the end you count the empty points you have surrounded, plus the stones you captured. More points wins.終局時計算你圍住的空點，加上提掉的子。點數多的一方獲勝。
- Two eyes are alive兩眼活棋
- A group with two separate internal empty points can never be captured, because the opponent cannot fill both at once. Learning this is the moment Go starts to make sense.一塊棋如果有兩個分開的內部空點，就永遠不會被提，因為對手沒辦法同時填滿兩個。學會這件事，圍棋才開始說得通。
- Handicap makes any game fair讓子讓任何對局都公平
- A weaker player can start with extra stones already on the board. This is why a beginner and a master can play a real game together — something almost no other game allows.較弱的一方可以先在盤上放幾顆子。這就是為什麼初學者和高手可以下一盤真正的棋——幾乎沒有別的遊戲做得到。
Go and Chess圍棋與西洋棋
| Item 項目 | Go 圍棋 | Chess 西洋棋 |
|---|---|---|
| Board 棋盤 | 19 × 19 lines 線 | 8 × 8 squares 格 |
| Playing points 可下點 | 361 intersections 交叉點 | 64 squares 格 |
| Pieces 棋子 | All the same 全部一樣 | Six kinds 六種 |
| Do pieces move 棋子會移動嗎 | No 不會 | Yes 會 |
| Goal 目標 | Surround territory 圍地 | Checkmate the king 將死對方的王 |
| Computer beat the best human 電腦贏過最強人類 | 2016 | 1997 |
資料查證至 2025 年底
電腦在西洋棋上贏過人類是 1997 年，圍棋卻要等到 2016 年——中間隔了將近二十年。原因就是圍棋的分支太多，無法靠窮舉搜尋解決。
Did You Know?你知道嗎？
- In 2016 a program called AlphaGo beat Lee Sedol, one of the strongest players in the world, four games to one.2016 年，一個叫 AlphaGo 的程式以四比一擊敗世界頂尖棋士李世乭。
- AlphaGo did not win by calculating every possibility. It learned patterns, which is closer to how humans play.AlphaGo 不是靠算完所有可能性取勝。它學的是「棋形」，這反而更接近人類下棋的方式。
- In the second game AlphaGo played a move so unusual that commentators thought it was a mistake. It turned out to be brilliant.第二局 AlphaGo 下出一手怪到讓講評以為是失誤的棋。後來證明那是妙手。
- There are more legal Go positions than atoms in the observable universe — by an enormous margin.圍棋的合法局面數量比可觀測宇宙的原子還多，而且多出非常非常多。
Key Words單字表
grid/ɡrɪd/n.
格線
The grid is 19 by 19.格線是 19 乘 19。
intersection/ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈsek.ʃən/n.
交叉點
Stones sit on the intersections.棋子下在交叉點上。
stone/stoʊn/n.
棋子
Black places the first stone.黑棋下第一子。
surround/səˈraʊnd/v.
圍住
You try to surround territory.你設法圍出地盤。
territory/ˈter.ə.tɔːr.i/n.
地盤
More territory wins.地盤多的一方獲勝。
liberty/ˈlɪb.ɚ.t̬i/n.
氣
A group with no liberties is captured.沒有氣的一塊會被提走。
capture/ˈkæp.tʃɚ/v.
提子
Captured stones leave the board.被提的子離開棋盤。
permanent/ˈpɝː.mə.nənt/adj.
永久的
The shape is permanent.棋形是永久的。
handicap/ˈhæn.di.kæp/n.
讓子
A handicap makes the game fair.讓子讓對局變公平。
pattern/ˈpæt̬.ɚn/n.
棋形、模式
AlphaGo learned patterns.AlphaGo 學的是棋形。
unusual/ʌnˈjuː.ʒu.əl/adj.
不尋常的
It played an unusual move.它下了一手不尋常的棋。
brilliant/ˈbrɪl.jənt/adj.
高明的
The move turned out brilliant.那一手後來證明很高明。
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