高三上 · 單元 2 / 2

學測作文的段落結構Paragraph Structure for the GSAT Essay

學完你會:寫得出清楚的主題句、支持句與結尾句,安排好兩段式作文每一段的任務,並避開 run-on、主詞動詞不一致、時態混亂這三個最常見的扣分點。

  1. ① 文法課
  2. ② 單字 261
  3. ③ 句型與閱讀
  4. ④ 單元小考

① 文法課

一個段落 = 主題句 + 支持句 + 結尾句

英文段落的第一句通常是主題句(topic sentence),直接說出這段要講什麼,而且範圍要剛好:太窄(只是一個細節)撐不起一段,太寬(空泛的大道理)寫不完。接著用支持句(supporting sentences)提出理由、例子或經過,最後用結尾句(concluding sentence)呼應主題句或收束。中文作文習慣先鋪陳再點題,英文則是開門見山。

  • Joining a club offers students several important benefits.參加社團對學生有幾個重要的好處。(主題句)

  • First, club activities teach students how to work in a team.第一,社團活動教學生如何團隊合作。(支持句)

  • In short, a club is more than a way to have fun after class.總之,社團不只是課後玩樂的方式。(結尾句)

兩段式作文:每段的任務

題型第一段第二段
看圖寫作依序描述圖中發生的事(人物、地點、經過),用過去式寫出結果、人物的感受或從中學到的事
議論/看法說明現象或兩種立場,提出自己的立場與理由舉具體例子支持,並給出結論或建議
經驗分享描述一次具體的經驗(時間、地點、發生什麼)說明這次經驗帶來的影響或啟示
圖表題描述圖表呈現的主要趨勢或差異推測原因,並提出自己的看法

題目通常會寫明每段要寫什麼,照著題目的要求分配內容,偏題比文法錯誤扣得更多。

舉例、列點與轉折的句型

用途句型例句
列點First, … / Second, … / Finally, …First, it saves time.
補充In addition, … / Moreover, … / What's more, …In addition, it is good for the environment.
舉例For example, … / Take … for example. / such as + NTake my cousin for example.
轉折However, … / On the other hand, …On the other hand, it can be expensive.
結論In conclusion, … / All in all, … / In short, …All in all, the benefits outweigh the costs.

for example 後面接完整句子;such as 後面接名詞。不要寫 for example, such as … 疊在一起。

三大扣分點:run-on、主詞動詞不一致、時態混亂

run-on sentence 是兩個完整句子之間什麼都沒有,或只有一個逗號(comma splice);要用句號、分號或連接詞(and、but、so、because)分開。主詞動詞一致最常錯在 one of + 複數名詞、each of、every,這些主詞都是單數。時態方面,看圖寫作與經驗分享在講過去的事,整段都要用過去式,不要寫到一半跳回現在式。

  • Many students use their phones in class. This is a serious problem.很多學生上課用手機,這是個嚴重問題。(兩句分開)

  • One of my classmates has a pet snake.我有一位同學養了寵物蛇。

  • Last summer I went to Tainan and tried many local snacks.去年夏天我去台南,吃了很多小吃。

常見錯誤

  • ✗Many students use phones in class this is a problem.
    ✓Many students use phones in class. This is a problem.兩個完整句子之間沒有標點或連接詞,是 run-on sentence。
  • ✗One of my classmates have a dog.
    ✓One of my classmates has a dog.主詞是 one,單數,動詞用 has。
  • ✗Last summer I go to Tainan and eat a lot of snacks.
    ✓Last summer I went to Tainan and ate a lot of snacks.講過去的經驗,動詞都要用過去式。
  • ✗In my opinion, I think students should wear uniforms.
    ✓In my opinion, students should wear uniforms.in my opinion 和 I think 意思重複,留一個就好。

學測怎麼考

學測作文依內容、組織、文法句構、字彙拼字與體例評分:組織分看的就是每段有沒有清楚的主題句、段落之間有沒有轉折;文法分最常被 run-on、主詞動詞不一致與時態錯誤扣掉,寫完一定要回頭檢查這三項。

② 這個單元的單字

高三上的 521 個字平均分給 2 個單元,這是第 2 段。

③ 句型與閱讀

④ 單元小考

10 題文法 + 5 題單字,80 分通過。填空和改錯不看大小寫與句尾標點。

  1. 1.Which is the best topic sentence for a paragraph about why high school students should join a club?

  2. 2.____ First, students can review lessons at any time. Second, they do not need to travel to school. Finally, they can learn at their own pace.

  3. 3.Which sentence is NOT a run-on sentence?

  4. 4.Reading on paper helps some students focus. ____, others prefer e-books because they are easy to carry.

  5. 5.____, both paper books and e-books have their strengths, and students should choose what works best for them.

  6. 6.Each of the students ____ a different topic for the report.

  7. 7.Last weekend my family ____ to Hualien and stayed there for two days. (go)

  8. 8.改錯Many teenagers spend hours online they don't get enough sleep.

  9. 9.改錯One of my best friends live in Kaohsiung.

  10. 10.改錯In my opinion, I think students should wear uniforms.

  11. 11.「elegiac」是什麼意思?

  12. 12.「injurious」是什麼意思?

  13. 13.「celerity」是什麼意思?

  14. 14.「mephitic」是什麼意思?

  15. 15.「beholden」是什麼意思?

已作答 0 / 15 題

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