Astronauts太空人

太空人不是「沒有重力」才浮起來——他們是在不停墜落，只是一直錯過地球。

CEFR B1閱讀約 5 分鐘 · 12 個單字 · 測驗卷 100 分

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Inside the Space Station太空站艙內

12 個可以點的單字 · 可以隨時暫停、轉動場景

逐字稿（15 段）
  1. 1Welcome aboard the space station. It flies about 400 kilometres above Earth.歡迎登上太空站。它在離地面大約 400 公里的高空飛行。
  2. 2Look out of the window. That thin blue layer around Earth is the atmosphere.看看窗外。地球外面那層薄薄的藍色，就是大氣層。
  3. 3The station goes round Earth about every 90 minutes. One orbit is that fast.太空站大約每 90 分鐘繞地球一圈，一圈軌道就是這麼快。
  4. 4Astronauts live and work up here. Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space in 1961.太空人在這裡生活和工作。加加林在 1961 年成為第一個進入太空的人。
  5. 5Astronauts float and feel weightless. But is there really no gravity up here?太空人飄來飄去，感覺失重。可是這裡真的沒有重力嗎？
  6. 6There is! Gravity here is still about ninety percent as strong as on the ground.有的！這裡的重力還有地面的九成左右。
  7. 7The station and everyone in it are falling together. Falling together feels weightless.太空站和裡面的人一起在墜落。一起墜落，感覺就是失重。
  8. 8With no weight to carry, muscles get weaker. Astronauts exercise about two hours a day.沒有重量要撐，肌肉會變弱，所以太空人每天運動大約兩小時。
  9. 9On Earth, gravity compresses your spine, like a spring under a heavy box.在地球上，重力會壓縮你的脊椎，就像被重箱子壓住的彈簧。
  10. 10In orbit the spine is not squeezed, so astronauts grow a few centimetres taller.在軌道上脊椎不再被壓，所以太空人會長高幾公分。
  11. 11Body fluid moves up to the head. New astronauts get puffy faces and thin legs.體液往頭部跑，剛上太空的人會臉腫腫、腿細細。
  12. 12Up here there is much more radiation, because the atmosphere is below them now.這裡的輻射多很多，因為大氣層已經在他們腳下了。
  13. 13The crew sees sixteen sunrises every day, so they live on a fixed schedule.組員每天會看到十六次日出，所以他們照固定的作息生活。
  14. 14At bedtime, they strap themselves into sleeping bags on the wall, or they drift around.睡覺時，他們把自己綁進牆上的睡袋，不然會飄來飄去。
  15. 15Now you are part of the crew. Look around the station and click on everything!現在你也是組員了。在太空站裡看一看，每樣東西都點點看！

Falling, Not Floating他們在墜落，不是在漂浮

People say astronauts float because there is no gravity in space. That is not true.大家說太空人會漂浮是因為太空沒有重力。這不是真的。

At the height of the space station, Earth's gravity is still about ninety percent as strong as it is on the ground.在太空站的高度，地球重力仍然有地面的九成左右。

The station and everyone inside it are falling towards Earth all the time. They just move sideways so fast that they keep missing.太空站和裡面的每一個人一直在朝地球墜落。只是他們橫向移動得太快，所以一直錯過。

Falling together with the room around you feels exactly like weightlessness. The correct name for it is free fall, not zero gravity.跟你周圍的房間一起墜落，感覺就跟失重一模一樣。它的正確名稱是「自由落體」，不是「零重力」。

What Space Does to a Body太空對身體做了什麼

Bones and muscles weaken骨骼與肌肉變弱
Without weight to carry, the body stops maintaining what it does not seem to need. Astronauts exercise about two hours a day to slow the loss.沒有重量要撐，身體就不再維持那些看起來用不到的組織。太空人每天運動大約兩小時來減緩流失。
Fluid moves upwards體液往上跑
On Earth gravity keeps blood in your legs. In free fall it shifts to the head, so new astronauts have puffy faces and thin legs.在地球上重力把血液留在腿部。自由落體時它往頭部移動，所以剛上太空的人會臉腫腿細。
You get taller你會變高
The spine is no longer compressed, so astronauts grow a few centimetres in orbit and shrink back after landing.脊椎不再被壓縮，所以太空人在軌道上會長高幾公分，回到地面又會縮回去。
Radiation輻射
Earth's atmosphere and magnetic field block most space radiation. Above them, astronauts receive far more, which limits how long a mission can safely last.地球的大氣和磁場擋掉大部分宇宙輻射。在它們之上，太空人接受的劑量高得多，這限制了任務能安全持續多久。
Sleep is strange睡覺很奇怪
The station orbits Earth about every ninety minutes, so the crew sees sixteen sunrises a day. They sleep in bags strapped to the wall, on a fixed schedule.太空站大約每 90 分鐘繞地球一圈，所以組員一天看到十六次日出。他們睡在綁在牆上的睡袋裡，照固定作息。

Life on the Space Station太空站上的生活

Item 項目Figure 數值
Height above Earth 離地高度About 400 km 約 400 公里
Speed 速度About 28,000 km/h 約時速 28,000 公里
One orbit 繞行一圈About 90 minutes 約 90 分鐘
Sunrises per day 每天日出次數16
Gravity at that height 該高度的重力About 90 % of ground level 約地面的 90 %
Daily exercise 每日運動About 2 hours 約 2 小時

資料查證至 2025 年底

那個「90% 的重力」是最容易讓人吃驚的數字。太空人浮起來跟重力大小無關，跟「一起墜落」有關。

Did You Know?你知道嗎？

  • Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space in 1961, and his whole flight lasted 108 minutes.加加林 1961 年成為第一個進入太空的人，整趟飛行只有 108 分鐘。
  • Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in space in 1963.泰勒斯可娃 1963 年成為第一位進入太空的女性。
  • Salt and pepper on the station come as liquids, because loose grains would float away and get into equipment or eyes.太空站上的鹽和胡椒是液體，因為顆粒會飄走，跑進儀器或眼睛裡。
  • Astronauts must strap themselves down to sleep, or they drift around and bump into things.太空人睡覺必須把自己綁住，否則會飄來飄去撞到東西。

Key Words單字表

  • astronaut/ˈæs.trə.nɑːt/n.

    太空人

    The astronaut floated past.太空人飄了過去。

  • gravity/ˈɡræv.ə.t̬i/n.

    重力

    Gravity is still strong up there.那裡的重力還是很強。

  • weightless/ˈweɪt.ləs/adj.

    失重的

    They feel weightless.他們感覺失重。

  • orbit/ˈɔːr.bɪt/n. / v.

    軌道；繞行

    One orbit takes 90 minutes.繞一圈要 90 分鐘。

  • muscle/ˈmʌs.əl/n.

    肌肉

    Muscles weaken in space.肌肉在太空中變弱。

  • spine/spaɪn/n.

    脊椎

    The spine is not compressed.脊椎不再被壓縮。

  • compress/kəmˈpres/v.

    壓縮

    Gravity compresses the spine.重力壓縮脊椎。

  • fluid/ˈfluː.ɪd/n.

    體液

    Fluid shifts to the head.體液往頭部移動。

  • radiation/ˌreɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/n.

    輻射

    Radiation limits mission length.輻射限制了任務長度。

  • atmosphere/ˈæt.mə.sfɪr/n.

    大氣層

    The atmosphere blocks radiation.大氣層擋掉輻射。

  • crew/kruː/n.

    組員

    The crew sees 16 sunrises a day.組員一天看十六次日出。

  • strap/stræp/v.

    綁住

    They strap themselves down to sleep.他們睡覺時把自己綁住。

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