The Winter Olympics冬季奧運
冬奧和夏奧原本同一年舉行，1994 年起錯開成每兩年一次——所以現在幾乎年年有奧運。
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The Winter Games Valley冬奧雪谷
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逐字稿（14 段）
- 1Welcome to the Winter Games. Every sport here takes place on snow or ice.歡迎來到冬季奧運。這裡每一個項目都在雪上或冰上進行。
- 2The first Winter Olympics were in 1924. Since 1994, the Winter and Summer Games alternate, so one happens every two years.第一屆冬奧在 1924 年。1994 年起冬奧和夏奧交替舉行，所以每兩年就有一場。
- 3Alpine skiers race straight down the slope against the clock.高山滑雪選手從坡道直衝而下，比的是時間。
- 4Bobsleigh, luge and skeleton all go down the same ice track.有舵雪車、無舵雪車和俯式冰橇，都在同一條冰道上滑。
- 5In luge, you lie on your back on a sled, feet first, with no brakes. It can go over 140 kilometres per hour.無舵雪車是仰躺在雪橇上、腳在前，沒有煞車，時速可以超過 140 公里。
- 6Skaters need a rink to train. Mountains, cold winters and indoor rinks are not everywhere, so fewer countries take part.滑冰要有溜冰場才能練。不是每個國家都有山、有寒冬或室內冰場，所以參賽國比較少。
- 7Speed skating is judged only by time. Figure skating is judged by people, so it causes many arguments.競速滑冰只看時間。花式滑冰由裁判評分，所以最容易引起爭議。
- 8Now, curling. The stone slides down the ice toward the rings at the end.接下來是冰壺。冰壺沿著冰面往另一頭的圓圈滑過去。
- 9Curling stones are made from a special granite, found in only a couple of places in the world.冰壺是用一種特殊的花崗岩做的，全世界只有少數幾個地方採得到。
- 10Players sweep the ice in front of the stone. It changes how far and how straight the stone travels.選手在冰壺前面刷冰，這會改變冰壺走多遠、走多直。
- 11Sweeping melts a very thin layer of ice, so the stone slides further and curls less.刷冰會融出極薄的一層水，讓冰壺滑得更遠、彎得更少。
- 12Biathlon is skiing plus shooting. Your heart pounds, but you must hold still and hit a small target.冬季兩項是滑雪加射擊。心跳得很快，卻要靜下來命中小小的標靶。
- 13Norway has won more Winter Olympic medals than any other country. That is remarkable for about five million people.挪威拿的冬奧獎牌比任何國家都多。對一個大約五百萬人的國家來說，真的很了不起。
- 14Now it's your turn. Turn the valley around and click on anything you see.現在換你了。轉動雪谷，點點看你看到的每一樣東西。
Games on Ice and Snow冰與雪上的競賽
The first Winter Olympics were held in Chamonix, France, in 1924. Every sport takes place on snow or ice.第一屆冬季奧運 1924 年在法國夏慕尼舉行。所有項目都在雪上或冰上進行。
For seventy years the Winter and Summer Games shared the same year. Since 1994 they alternate, so one of them happens every two years.有七十年的時間，冬奧和夏奧在同一年舉行。1994 年起改成交錯，所以每兩年就有一場。
Far fewer countries take part than in summer, because a nation needs mountains, cold winters or expensive indoor rinks to train.參賽國比夏季少得多，因為一個國家需要有山、有寒冬，或是有昂貴的室內冰場才能訓練。
Norway has won more Winter Olympic medals than any other country, which is remarkable for a nation of about five million people.挪威拿下的冬奧獎牌比任何國家都多，對一個大約五百萬人的國家來說相當驚人。
The Main Groups of Sport主要的項目分類
- Skiing滑雪
- Alpine skiing races straight down a mountain against the clock. Cross-country skiing covers long distances on flatter ground and is closer to a marathon.高山滑雪是從山上直衝而下比速度。越野滑雪則是在較平坦的地形長距離移動，比較接近馬拉松。
- Skating滑冰
- Speed skating is judged only by time. Figure skating is judged by other people, which makes it the most argued-about sport at the Games.競速滑冰只看時間。花式滑冰由裁判評分，所以它是奧運裡最容易引起爭議的項目。
- Sliding sports雪車類
- Bobsleigh, luge and skeleton all go down the same ice track. In luge you lie on your back feet first; in skeleton you lie on your front head first.有舵雪車、無舵雪車和俯式冰橇都在同一條冰道上滑行。無舵雪車是仰躺腳先下，俯式冰橇是趴著頭先下。
- Ice hockey and curling冰球與冰壺
- Ice hockey is the fastest team sport at the Games. Curling looks slow, but sweeping the ice actually changes how far and how straight the stone travels.冰球是奧運最快的團隊運動。冰壺看起來很慢，但刷冰真的會改變壺走多遠、走多直。
- Biathlon冬季兩項
- Cross-country skiing plus rifle shooting. Skiing hard makes your heart pound, and you must then hold still enough to hit a small target — the two halves fight each other.越野滑雪加步槍射擊。用力滑雪讓心跳狂飆，接著卻要靜止到能命中小目標——這兩件事互相打架。
Winter Versus Summer冬奧與夏奧比一比
| Item 項目 | Winter 冬奧 | Summer 夏奧 |
|---|---|---|
| First held 首屆 | 1924 (Chamonix 夏慕尼) | 1896 (Athens 雅典) |
| Teams taking part 參賽隊伍 | About 90 約 90 支 | Over 200 超過 200 支 |
| Where events happen 比賽地點 | Snow and ice 雪上與冰上 | Track, pool, hall 田徑場、泳池、體育館 |
| Most medals all time 歷來獎牌最多 | Norway 挪威 | United States 美國 |
資料查證至 2025 年底
台灣曾多次參加冬季奧運，項目包括雪橇與滑冰，但目前還沒有拿過冬奧獎牌。
Did You Know?你知道嗎？
- A luge athlete can reach over 140 kilometres per hour lying on a sled with no brakes.無舵雪車選手躺在沒有煞車的雪橇上，時速可以超過 140 公里。
- Curling stones are made from a special granite found on only a couple of places in the world.冰壺是用一種特殊的花崗岩製成，全世界只有少數幾個地方採得到。
- Sweeping in curling melts a very thin layer of ice, which lets the stone slide further and curl less.冰壺的刷冰會融出極薄的一層水，讓壺滑得更遠、彎得更少。
- Some warm countries have competed in bobsleigh, and Jamaica's team at the 1988 Games became famous around the world.有些溫暖的國家也參加過雪車比賽，牙買加隊在 1988 年冬奧因此舉世聞名。
Key Words單字表
alternate/ˈɑːl.tɚ.neɪt/v.
交替
The two Games now alternate.兩個奧運現在交替舉行。
rink/rɪŋk/n.
溜冰場
They train in an indoor rink.他們在室內冰場訓練。
slope/sloʊp/n.
坡道
Alpine skiers race down the slope.高山滑雪選手從坡道衝下。
sled/sled/n.
雪橇
She lies on the sled feet first.她腳先躺在雪橇上。
track/træk/n.
賽道
They all use the same ice track.他們都用同一條冰道。
sweep/swiːp/v.
刷、掃
Players sweep the ice in front of the stone.球員在壺前面刷冰。
stone/stoʊn/n.
冰壺
The stone slides down the ice.冰壺沿著冰面滑行。
melt/melt/v.
融化
Sweeping melts a thin layer.刷冰融出薄薄一層。
judge/dʒʌdʒ/v. / n.
評分；裁判
Figure skating is judged by people.花式滑冰由人評分。
target/ˈtɑːr.ɡɪt/n.
目標、標靶
You must hit a small target.你必須命中小目標。
remarkable/rɪˈmɑːr.kə.bəl/adj.
了不起的
Norway's record is remarkable.挪威的紀錄很了不起。
granite/ˈɡræn.ɪt/n.
花崗岩
Curling stones are made of granite.冰壺是花崗岩做的。
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