Basketball籃球
1891 年冬天，一位老師把兩個裝桃子的籃子釘在牆上，發明了籃球。第一場比賽的比數是 1 比 0。
CEFR A2閱讀約 5 分鐘 · 12 個單字 · 測驗卷 100 分
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The School Gym學校體育館
12 個可以點的單字 · 可以隨時暫停、轉動場景
逐字稿（15 段）
- 1Welcome to the school gym. Today basketball is played in more than 200 countries.歡迎來到學校體育館。今天全世界有兩百多個國家在打籃球。
- 2A teacher named James Naismith invented basketball in 1891. He nailed two peach baskets to the wall.一位叫奈史密斯的老師在 1891 年發明了籃球。他把兩個桃子籃釘在牆上。
- 3In the first game, someone had to climb a ladder to get the ball out after every score.第一場比賽每進一球，就得有人爬梯子把球拿出來。
- 4The winter was too cold for outdoor sports, so he needed an indoor game for his students.那年冬天太冷，沒辦法在戶外運動，所以他需要一個給學生玩的室內遊戲。
- 5Today the ball goes through a hoop. The hoop is 3.05 metres high, all over the world.今天球是穿過籃框。全世界的籃框都是 3.05 公尺高。
- 6This is the court. Each team has five players on the court.這是球場。每隊在場上有五個人。
- 7When you move with the ball, you must dribble. Bounce it as you go!拿著球移動的時候必須運球，一邊走一邊拍球！
- 8This player makes a pass to a teammate.這位球員把球傳給隊友。
- 9This player jumps to shoot. A shot from behind the three-point line is worth three points.這位球員跳起來投籃。從三分線外投進算三分。
- 10If the shot misses, players jump for the ball. This player catches the rebound.沒投進的話，大家會跳起來搶球。這位球員抓到了籃板球。
- 11Pushing is a foul. Too many fouls and a player must leave the game.推人是犯規。犯規次數太多，球員就必須離場。
- 12This player takes a free throw from the line. A free throw is worth one point.這位球員站在罰球線上罰球。罰球算一分。
- 13Teams can substitute players as often as they like. This substitute is ready to go in.球隊可以隨時換人，次數不限。這位替補球員準備上場了。
- 14Michael Jordan won six NBA championships with the Chicago Bulls.麥可・喬丹在芝加哥公牛隊拿下六座 NBA 冠軍。
- 15Now it's your turn. Turn the gym around and click on anything you see.現在換你了。轉動體育館，點點看你看到的每一樣東西。
How Basketball Started籃球是怎麼開始的
Basketball was invented in 1891 by a teacher named James Naismith in Springfield, Massachusetts.籃球是 1891 年由一位叫詹姆斯・奈史密斯的老師在美國麻州春田市發明的。
The winter was too cold for outdoor sports, so he needed an indoor game that would keep his students active.那年冬天太冷，沒辦法在戶外運動，所以他需要一個能讓學生動起來的室內遊戲。
He nailed two peach baskets to the wall and wrote thirteen simple rules. In the very first game, the final score was 1–0.他把兩個裝桃子的籃子釘在牆上，寫下十三條簡單的規則。第一場比賽的最終比數是 1 比 0。
Today basketball is played in more than 200 countries, and the ball goes through a hoop instead of a basket.今天全世界有兩百多個國家在打籃球，而且球是穿過籃框，不再是掉進籃子裡。
The Basic Rules基本規則
- Five players a side每隊五人
- Each team has five players on the court. Teams can substitute players as often as they like.每隊場上五個人。球隊可以隨時換人，次數不限。
- Two, three, or one point二分、三分、一分
- A normal basket is worth two points. A shot from behind the three-point line is worth three. A free throw is worth one.一般的進球算兩分。從三分線外投進算三分。罰球算一分。
- Dribble, don't walk要運球，不能走
- A player holding the ball must bounce it while moving. Taking too many steps without dribbling is called travelling.持球移動時必須拍球。沒有運球卻走太多步叫走步（travelling）。
- The shot clock進攻時限
- A team must try to score within 24 seconds of getting the ball, so the game never slows down.球隊拿到球後必須在 24 秒內出手，所以比賽節奏不會慢下來。
- Fouls犯規
- Pushing, holding, or hitting an opponent is a foul. Too many fouls and the player must leave the game.推人、拉人、打到對手都是犯規。犯規次數太多，球員就必須離場。
Court and Game Facts球場與比賽數據
| Item 項目 | FIBA 國際規則 | NBA 美國職籃 |
|---|---|---|
| Court length 球場長度 | 28 m 公尺 | 28.65 m 公尺 |
| Hoop height 籃框高度 | 3.05 m 公尺 | 3.05 m 公尺 |
| Game length 比賽時間 | 4 × 10 min 四節各十分鐘 | 4 × 12 min 四節各十二分鐘 |
| Shot clock 進攻時限 | 24 sec 秒 | 24 sec 秒 |
| Three-point line 三分線 | 6.75 m 公尺 | 7.24 m 公尺 |
資料查證至 2025 年底
籃框高度全世界一樣——3.05 公尺，也就是十英尺。這個數字從 1891 年就沒有改過。
NBA RecordsNBA 紀錄
| Record 項目 | Holder 保持者 | Number 數字 |
|---|---|---|
| Most championships 冠軍最多（球隊） | Boston Celtics 波士頓塞爾提克 | 18 |
| Most championships 冠軍最多（球隊） | Los Angeles Lakers 洛杉磯湖人 | 17 |
| Most career points 生涯總得分 | LeBron James 詹姆斯 | 40,000+ |
| Points in one game 單場最高得分 | Wilt Chamberlain 張伯倫 | 100 |
資料查證至 2025 年底
張伯倫 1962 年單場拿下 100 分，到現在沒有人接近過。詹姆斯 2023 年超越賈霸成為生涯得分王，而且還在繼續累積——去查一下現在是多少分。
Did You Know?你知道嗎？
- The first basketballs were brown. Orange balls appeared in the late 1950s because they are easier to see.最早的籃球是棕色的。橘色球是 1950 年代末才出現，因為比較看得清楚。
- Michael Jordan won six NBA championships with the Chicago Bulls and never lost a Finals series.麥可・喬丹在公牛隊拿下六座 NBA 冠軍，而且從來沒有在總冠軍賽輸過。
- Basketball became an Olympic sport in 1936, and Naismith was there to watch.籃球在 1936 年成為奧運項目，發明人奈史密斯本人到場觀賽。
- In the first game, players had to climb a ladder to get the ball out of the peach basket after every score.第一場比賽每進一球，就得有人爬梯子把球從桃子籃裡拿出來。
Key Words單字表
hoop/huːp/n.
籃框
The hoop is 3.05 metres high.籃框高 3.05 公尺。
dribble/ˈdrɪb.əl/v.
運球
You must dribble while you move.移動的時候必須運球。
pass/pæs/v. / n.
傳球
He made a perfect pass.他傳出一記完美的球。
shoot/ʃuːt/v.
投籃
She can shoot from anywhere.她從哪裡都投得進。
rebound/ˈriː.baʊnd/n.
籃板球
He caught the rebound.他抓到那顆籃板球。
foul/faʊl/n.
犯規
That push was a foul.那個推人是犯規。
free throw/ˌfriː ˈθroʊ/phr.
罰球
A free throw is worth one point.罰球算一分。
court/kɔːrt/n.
球場
The court is 28 metres long.球場長 28 公尺。
substitute/ˈsʌb.stɪ.tuːt/v. / n.
替換；替補球員
The coach substituted two players.教練換了兩個人。
championship/ˈtʃæm.pi.ən.ʃɪp/n.
冠軍賽；冠軍頭銜
They won the championship in 2024.他們在 2024 年拿下冠軍。
indoor/ˈɪn.dɔːr/adj.
室內的
Basketball is an indoor sport.籃球是室內運動。
invent/ɪnˈvent/v.
發明
Naismith invented basketball in 1891.奈史密斯在 1891 年發明籃球。
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