Endangered Animals瀕危動物
黑面琵鷺 1990 年代全球只剩不到 300 隻，現在超過 6,000 隻——而台南是牠們最大的度冬地。
CEFR B1閱讀約 6 分鐘 · 12 個單字 · 測驗卷 100 分
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A Nature Reserve in Taiwan台灣的自然保護區
12 個可以點的單字 · 可以隨時暫停、轉動場景
逐字稿（14 段）
- 1Welcome to a nature reserve in Taiwan. Some animals here are endangered. They could disappear for ever.歡迎來到台灣的自然保護區。這裡有些動物是瀕危的，牠們可能永遠消失。
- 2This is the Formosan black bear, the only bear native to Taiwan. It is endangered.這是台灣黑熊，台灣唯一原生的熊。牠是瀕危動物。
- 3Look at the white V on its chest. It is different on every individual bear.看牠胸前的白色 V 字。每一隻熊的 V 字都不一樣。
- 4Scientists count animals and put each species into a category on the Red List, from Least Concern to Extinct.科學家清點動物，把每個物種分到紅皮書的一個等級裡，從「無危」一路排到「滅絕」。
- 5Taiwan's clouded leopard was declared extinct. Nobody has confirmed seeing one in the wild for decades.台灣雲豹已經被宣告滅絕。數十年來沒有人確認在野外看過牠。
- 6Why do animals disappear? The main cause is habitat loss. Their forest home is gone.動物為什麼會消失？主要原因是棲地消失，牠們住的森林不見了。
- 7Hunting is another cause. When people stop the hunting, numbers can come back.獵捕是另一個原因。當人們停止獵捕，數量就能回來。
- 8Pollution is a cause too. It damages rivers and the animals that live in them.污染也是原因之一。它會破壞河流，也傷害住在裡面的動物。
- 9For the leopard cat, roadkill is one of the biggest threats. Fewer than 500 are left.對石虎來說，路殺是最大的威脅之一。牠們推估只剩不到 500 隻。
- 10To protect them, some roads in Miaoli have tunnels underneath, so animals can cross safely.為了保護牠們，苗栗有些路段在底下蓋了通道，讓動物安全穿越。
- 11Five countries count black-faced spoonbills on the same weekend. This survey shows how many are left.五個國家在同一個週末一起數黑面琵鷺。這次普查告訴我們還剩多少隻。
- 12In the 1990s there were fewer than 300 spoonbills. Now there are over 6,000. They recovered!1990 年代黑面琵鷺不到 300 隻，現在超過 6,000 隻。牠們復育成功了！
- 13After decades of conservation, the giant panda moved down to Vulnerable in 2016.經過數十年的保育，大貓熊在 2016 年降為「易危」。
- 14Protecting one animal protects its whole forest. Now it's your turn. Click on anything you see.保護一種動物，就等於保護了整片森林。現在換你了，點點看你看到的每一樣東西。
Counting What Is Left數還剩下多少
An endangered animal is one that could disappear for ever if nothing changes. Scientists count them, watch the numbers, and sort each species into a category.瀕危動物是指如果什麼都不做，就可能永遠消失的動物。科學家清點牠們、追蹤數量，並把每個物種分到一個等級裡。
The list they use is called the Red List. It runs from Least Concern all the way to Extinct.他們使用的清單叫「紅皮書」（Red List），從「無危」一路排到「滅絕」。
The main causes are almost always the same: habitat loss, hunting, pollution, and now a changing climate.主要原因幾乎都一樣：棲地消失、獵捕、污染，現在還加上氣候變遷。
But the list also records recoveries. When people protect a habitat and stop the hunting, numbers can come back.但這份清單也記錄復育。當人們保護棲地、停止獵捕，數量是可以回來的。
The Red List Categories紅皮書的等級
- Least Concern無危
- Common and widespread. Most animals you see every day are here.常見且分布廣。你每天看到的動物大多在這一級。
- Vulnerable易危
- Numbers are falling and the species is at risk if the trend continues. The giant panda moved down into this category in 2016 after decades of protection.數量在下降，趨勢若繼續就有危險。大貓熊在 2016 年因為數十年的保育成果，從更高的等級降到這一級。
- Endangered瀕危
- A high risk of disappearing from the wild. The Formosan black bear is here.在野外消失的風險很高。台灣黑熊屬於這一級。
- Critically Endangered極危
- The last step before extinction in the wild. Very few individuals are left.距離野外滅絕只剩一步。存活的個體極少。
- Extinct滅絕
- Gone. Taiwan's clouded leopard was declared extinct — nobody has confirmed a wild sighting for decades.已經消失。台灣雲豹被宣告滅絕——已經有數十年沒有人確認過野外目擊。
Taiwan's Own台灣自己的
| Animal 動物 | Where 分布 | Situation 狀況 |
|---|---|---|
| Leopard cat 石虎 | Miaoli, Taichung, Nantou 苗栗、台中、南投 | Fewer than 500 left 推估不到 500 隻 |
| Formosan black bear 台灣黑熊 | Mountain forests 山區森林 | A few hundred 推估只有幾百隻 |
| Black-faced spoonbill 黑面琵鷺 | Winters in Tainan 冬天到台南度冬 | Recovered to over 6,000 復育到超過 6,000 隻 |
| Formosan landlocked salmon 櫻花鉤吻鮭 | Qijiawan Stream, Wuling 武陵七家灣溪 | Recovered from under 200 從不到 200 尾復育回來 |
| Clouded leopard 台灣雲豹 | Formerly mountain forests 過去分布於山區 | Declared extinct 已宣告滅絕 |
資料查證至 2025 年底
台灣黑熊胸前有一道白色的 V 字，是牠最好認的特徵。石虎最大的威脅是路殺——牠們要穿越馬路才能在破碎的棲地之間移動。
Two Recoveries Worth Knowing兩個值得知道的復育故事
| Animal 動物 | Low point 最低點 | Now 現在 |
|---|---|---|
| Black-faced spoonbill 黑面琵鷺 | Under 300 in the 1990s 1990 年代不到 300 隻 | Over 6,000 超過 6,000 隻 |
| Giant panda 大貓熊 | Endangered 瀕危 | Vulnerable since 2016 2016 年起降為易危 |
資料查證至 2025 年底
黑面琵鷺的數字是靠跨國同步普查得到的——台灣、香港、日本、韓國、越南在同一個週末一起數。這件事本身就是一課：要保護一種會遷徙的動物，一個國家做不到。
Did You Know?你知道嗎？
- Roadkill is one of the biggest threats to the leopard cat, so some roads in Miaoli now have tunnels built underneath for animals to cross safely.路殺是石虎最大的威脅之一，所以苗栗有些路段在底下蓋了動物通道，讓牠們安全穿越。
- The Formosan black bear is the only bear native to Taiwan, and the white V on its chest is different on every individual.台灣黑熊是台灣唯一原生的熊，而胸前那道白色 V 字每一隻都長得不一樣。
- The Formosan landlocked salmon is a leftover from the ice age. It became trapped in mountain streams when the climate warmed and never returned to the sea.櫻花鉤吻鮭是冰河期留下來的。氣候變暖後牠被困在高山溪流裡，再也沒有回到海裡。
- Protecting one large animal usually protects everything else living in the same forest, which is why conservation often focuses on a single well-known species.保護一種大型動物，通常等於保護了同一片森林裡的所有生物，這就是為什麼保育常常以一個知名物種為核心。
Key Words單字表
endangered/ɪnˈdeɪn.dʒɚd/adj.
瀕危的
The black bear is endangered.台灣黑熊是瀕危的。
extinct/ɪkˈstɪŋkt/adj.
滅絕的
The clouded leopard is extinct.台灣雲豹已經滅絕。
habitat/ˈhæb.ə.tæt/n.
棲地
Habitat loss is the main cause.棲地消失是主要原因。
species/ˈspiː.ʃiːz/n.
物種
Each species has a category.每個物種都有一個等級。
recover/rɪˈkʌv.ɚ/v.
復育、恢復
The spoonbill population recovered.黑面琵鷺的族群恢復了。
protect/prəˈtekt/v.
保護
People protected the habitat.人們保護了棲地。
hunting/ˈhʌn.tɪŋ/n.
獵捕
Hunting reduced their numbers.獵捕使牠們的數量下降。
pollution/pəˈluː.ʃən/n.
污染
Pollution damages rivers.污染破壞河流。
threat/θret/n.
威脅
Roadkill is a serious threat.路殺是嚴重的威脅。
survey/ˈsɝː.veɪ/n. / v.
普查、調查
Five countries do the survey together.五個國家一起做普查。
individual/ˌɪn.dəˈvɪdʒ.u.əl/n.
個體
Very few individuals are left.只剩下極少的個體。
conservation/ˌkɑːn.sɚˈveɪ.ʃən/n.
保育
Conservation takes decades.保育需要數十年。
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