Polar Animals極地動物
北極熊和企鵝永遠不會在野外相遇——牠們住在地球的兩端。
CEFR A2閱讀約 5 分鐘 · 12 個單字 · 測驗卷 100 分
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The Two Cold Ends of the World地球的兩端
12 個可以點的單字 · 可以隨時暫停、轉動場景
逐字稿（15 段）
- 1Welcome to the two cold ends of the world. On the left is the Arctic. On the right is the Antarctic.歡迎來到世界上兩個最冷的地方。左邊是北極，右邊是南極。
- 2On a globe, the polar regions are at the very top and the very bottom.在地球儀上，極地就在最頂端和最底端。
- 3The Arctic is at the top. It is a frozen ocean surrounded by land.北極在頂端，是一片被陸地環繞的凍海。
- 4The Antarctic is different. It is a continent, with real rock and soil, surrounded by ocean.南極不一樣，它是一塊大陸，有真正的岩石和土地，被海洋環繞。
- 5Both ends are freezing. The coldest temperature recorded in the Antarctic is about minus 89 degrees.兩邊都極冷。南極的最低紀錄大約是零下 89 度。
- 6In the Antarctic winter, emperor penguins huddle together and take turns on the cold outside edge.南極的冬天，皇帝企鵝擠成一團，輪流站到寒冷的外圍。
- 7The middle of the huddle can be over 20 degrees warmer than the air.團體中央的溫度可以比外面的空氣高二十幾度。
- 8Seals have a thick layer of fat under the skin, more than ten centimetres. It works like a wetsuit.海豹的皮膚底下有厚厚一層脂肪，超過十公分。作用就像潛水衣。
- 9Arctic terns fly from the Arctic to the Antarctic and back every year. It's the longest migration of any animal.北極燕鷗每年從北極飛到南極再飛回來，是所有動物中最長的遷徙。
- 10Back in the Arctic, polar bears have two coats of fur: short, dense fur underneath and long hairs on top.回到北極。北極熊有兩層毛：底下是短而密的絨毛，上面是長毛。
- 11Each long hair is hollow, like a tiny tube. It is see-through, not really white!每一根長毛都是中空的，像一根小小的管子。它其實是透明的，不是白色！
- 12Hollow hairs trap air, and trapped air keeps the heat in.中空的毛會困住空氣，而被困住的空氣能把熱留住。
- 13Under the white fur, a polar bear's skin is black. Black skin soaks up sunlight.北極熊白毛底下的皮膚是黑的。黑色的皮膚會吸收陽光。
- 14Heat escapes fastest from thin parts. So the Arctic fox has tiny ears, and the desert fox has huge ones.熱量從細長的部位散失得最快。所以北極狐的耳朵很小，沙漠狐的耳朵很大。
- 15Polar bears and penguins never meet in the wild. Now it's your turn. Click on anything you see.北極熊和企鵝從來不會在野外相遇。現在換你了，點點看你看到的每一樣東西。
Two Cold Ends, Two Different Worlds兩個冰冷的極端，兩個不同的世界
The Arctic is at the top of the world and the Antarctic is at the bottom. Both are freezing, but they are not the same kind of place.北極在世界的頂端，南極在底端。兩邊都酷寒，但它們不是同一種地方。
The Arctic is a frozen ocean surrounded by land. The Antarctic is a continent — real rock and soil — surrounded by ocean.北極是一片被陸地環繞的凍海。南極則是一塊大陸——真正的岩石和土地——被海洋環繞。
That is why polar bears live only in the Arctic and penguins live almost only in the south. They have never met in the wild.這就是為什麼北極熊只住在北極，而企鵝幾乎只住在南邊。牠們從來沒有在野外見過面。
Every polar animal has the same problem to solve: how to keep heat in.每一種極地動物都要解決同一個問題：怎麼把熱留住。
How to Stay Warm怎麼保暖
- Blubber鯨脂
- A thick layer of fat under the skin. Seals and whales can carry more than ten centimetres of it, which works like a wetsuit.皮膚底下厚厚的一層脂肪。海豹和鯨魚身上可以有超過十公分厚，作用就像潛水衣。
- Two coats of fur兩層毛
- Polar bears have short dense fur underneath and long hollow hairs on top. The hollow hairs trap air, and trapped air is an excellent insulator.北極熊底下是短而密的絨毛，上面是長而中空的針毛。中空的毛困住空氣，而被困住的空氣是極佳的隔熱材料。
- Small ears, short legs小耳朵，短腿
- Heat escapes fastest from thin parts. Arctic foxes have tiny round ears, while desert foxes have huge ones for the opposite reason.熱量從細長的部位散失最快。北極狐的耳朵又小又圓，沙漠狐的耳朵則因為相反的理由長得很大。
- Huddling擠在一起
- Emperor penguins crowd together in the Antarctic winter and take turns standing on the cold outside edge. The middle of the huddle can be over 20 degrees warmer than the air.皇帝企鵝在南極的冬天擠成一團，輪流站到寒冷的外圍。團體中央的溫度可以比外面的空氣高二十幾度。
- White is not always camouflage白色不一定是偽裝
- A polar bear's skin is actually black under the white fur, which helps it soak up what little sunlight there is.北極熊的皮膚在白毛底下其實是黑的，這幫助牠吸收那少得可憐的陽光。
North Versus South北極與南極比一比
| Item 項目 | Arctic 北極 | Antarctic 南極 |
|---|---|---|
| What it is 它是什麼 | Frozen ocean 凍結的海洋 | A continent 一塊大陸 |
| Coldest recorded 最低紀錄 | About −68 °C 約零下 68 度 | About −89 °C 約零下 89 度 |
| Polar bears 北極熊 | Yes 有 | No 沒有 |
| Penguins 企鵝 | No 沒有 | Yes 有 |
| People living there 常住人口 | Yes, several peoples 有，多個原住民族 | No permanent residents 沒有常住居民 |
資料查證至 2025 年底
南極比北極冷得多，因為它是一塊高海拔的大陸，而北極只是一層浮在海上的冰——底下的海水反而讓它沒那麼冷。
Did You Know?你知道嗎？
- Polar bear fur is not white. Each hair is see-through and hollow, and it only looks white because it scatters light.北極熊的毛其實不是白的。每一根毛都是透明中空的，看起來白是因為它把光散射出去。
- Emperor penguin fathers hold the egg on their feet through the whole Antarctic winter without eating.皇帝企鵝的爸爸整個南極冬天都把蛋放在腳背上，全程不吃東西。
- Arctic terns fly from the Arctic to the Antarctic and back every year — the longest migration of any animal.北極燕鷗每年從北極飛到南極再飛回來，是所有動物中最長的遷徙。
- There are no polar bears in Antarctica and no penguins at the North Pole, so a picture showing both together is always wrong.南極沒有北極熊，北極沒有企鵝，所以把兩者畫在一起的圖一定是錯的。
Key Words單字表
polar/ˈpoʊ.lɚ/adj.
極地的
Polar animals must keep heat in.極地動物必須把熱留住。
Arctic/ˈɑːrk.tɪk/n.
北極
The Arctic is a frozen ocean.北極是凍結的海洋。
continent/ˈkɑːn.tə.nənt/n.
大陸
Antarctica is a continent.南極洲是一塊大陸。
freezing/ˈfriː.zɪŋ/adj.
極冷的
Both ends are freezing.兩端都極冷。
fat/fæt/n.
脂肪
A thick layer of fat keeps them warm.厚厚一層脂肪讓牠們保暖。
fur/fɝː/n.
毛皮
Polar bears have two coats of fur.北極熊有兩層毛。
hollow/ˈhɑː.loʊ/adj.
中空的
The long hairs are hollow.長毛是中空的。
trap/træp/v.
困住
Hollow hairs trap air.中空的毛困住空氣。
escape/ɪˈskeɪp/v.
逸失、逃脫
Heat escapes from thin parts.熱從細的部位散失。
huddle/ˈhʌd.əl/v. / n.
擠成一團
Penguins huddle to stay warm.企鵝擠在一起取暖。
migration/maɪˈɡreɪ.ʃən/n.
遷徙
It is the longest migration of all.那是所有動物中最長的遷徙。
soak up/ˌsoʊk ˈʌp/phr. v.
吸收
Black skin soaks up sunlight.黑色的皮膚吸收陽光。
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