強調句：It is … that 與 What … isCleft Sentences

It is / was + 被強調的部分 + that + 句子其餘部分

中文用「就是……、正是……才……」來強調，英文把要強調的部分夾進 It is / was 和 that 中間，其餘照原句寫。可以強調主詞、受詞、時間、地點、原因等副詞，但不能強調動詞。句子是過去的事就用 It was；強調的是人，that 可以換成 who。

• Jason broke the window in the gym yesterday.Jason 昨天在體育館打破了窗戶。（原句）

• It was Jason who broke the window in the gym yesterday.打破體育館窗戶的就是 Jason。（強調主詞）

• It was in the gym that Jason broke the window yesterday.Jason 昨天就是在體育館打破窗戶的。（強調地點）

• It was yesterday that Jason broke the window in the gym.Jason 就是昨天打破體育館窗戶的。（強調時間）

It is not until … that：直到……才

把 Not until 的句子改成強調句，not until 夾進中間，後面的主要子句用一般語序、而且變成肯定句——不像倒裝句要改成 did + 主詞。這是學測翻譯與作文最常用的強調句型之一。

• It was not until I lost my health that I realized its value.直到失去健康，我才明白它的價值。

• It was not until 1895 that X-rays were discovered.直到 1895 年，X 光才被發現。

What … is / was：把「重點」放到句尾

What + 主詞 + 動詞 是一個名詞子句，意思是「……的東西、……的事」，後面接 is / was 再帶出重點。要強調動作時用 What + 主詞 + did + was + (to) V。all + 主詞 + 動詞 + is 則表示「唯一……的就是」。what 子句當主詞視為單數，所以通常用 is / was。

• What I need right now is a good night's sleep.我現在需要的就是好好睡一覺。

• What she did was call the police immediately.她做的就是立刻報警。

• All I want is a quiet place to study.我只想要一個安靜念書的地方。

強調句 vs. 虛主詞句：拿掉 It is … that 還通不通？

判斷法：把 It is / was 和 that 拿掉，剩下的字重排後還是一個通順的完整句子，就是強調句。

常見錯誤

• ✗It is my parents that always supports me.
  ✓It is my parents who always support me.that / who 後面的動詞要跟被強調的名詞 my parents（複數）一致。
• ✗It was in 2019 when I first visited Japan.
  ✓It was in 2019 that I first visited Japan.強調句的連接詞固定用 that（強調人才可用 who），不用 when、where。
• ✗It was not until midnight did he finish his report.
  ✓It was not until midnight that he finished his report.改成強調句後用 that 連接，後半句恢復一般語序，不再倒裝。
• ✗What I need are a cup of coffee.
  ✓What I need is a cup of coffee.what 子句當主詞視為單數，補語也是單數，用 is。
• ✗It was my sister broke the vase.
  ✓It was my sister who broke the vase.強調主詞時 who / that 不能省略，否則一句會有兩個動詞（was、broke）。