The Solar System太陽系

太陽佔了整個太陽系質量的 99.8%。其他所有東西——八顆行星、所有衛星、所有小行星——加起來只是剩下的那 0.2%。

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The Solar System Hall太陽系展示廳

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逐字稿（14 段）
  1. 1Welcome to the solar system. Eight planets, hundreds of moons and millions of asteroids all travel around one star.歡迎來到太陽系。八顆行星、數百顆衛星、數百萬顆小行星，全都繞著同一顆恆星轉。
  2. 2In the middle is the Sun. Its gravity pulls everything towards it.正中間是太陽。它的重力把所有東西往它那裡拉。
  3. 3The Sun holds about 99.8 percent of all the mass. Everything else shares the last 0.2 percent.太陽擁有約 99.8% 的質量，其他所有東西只分到剩下的 0.2%。
  4. 4More mass means stronger gravity. That is why Earth and the other planets orbit the Sun.質量越大重力越強，所以地球和其他行星都繞著太陽公轉。
  5. 5The four inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, are small and rocky.內側四顆行星——水星、金星、地球、火星——都小小的，是岩質行星。
  6. 6Mars looks red because its soil contains iron oxide. That is the same chemical as rust.火星看起來是紅的，因為土壤含氧化鐵——跟鐵鏽是同一種東西。
  7. 7Past Mars is the asteroid belt. This rock never managed to form a planet.過了火星就是小行星帶。這些岩石始終沒能變成一顆行星。
  8. 8Jupiter is huge. All the other planets could fit inside it, with room to spare.木星超級大，其他所有行星都塞得進去，而且還有剩。
  9. 9Saturn's density is lower than water. In a big enough bathtub, Saturn would float!土星的密度比水低。如果有夠大的浴缸，土星會浮起來！
  10. 10Blue Neptune was discovered in 1846. Its year is 165 Earth years, so it has gone round only once since then.藍色的海王星在 1846 年被發現。它的一年是 165 個地球年，所以到現在才繞完一圈。
  11. 11A real planet must dominate its orbit. Its gravity clears the other things out of the way.真正的行星必須主宰自己的軌道，它的重力會把旁邊的東西清掉。
  12. 12Pluto shares its space with many icy objects. It never cleared its neighbourhood, so it is a dwarf planet.冥王星跟許多冰質天體擠在一起，它沒有清空自己的軌道，所以是矮行星。
  13. 13In 2006, Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet. It was not about being small.2006 年，冥王星被重新歸類為矮行星——原因不是它太小。
  14. 14Now it's your turn. Spin the solar system and click on anything you like.現在換你了。轉一轉太陽系，點點看你想看的東西。

Mostly Sun幾乎全是太陽

The Sun holds about 99.8 percent of all the mass in the solar system. Everything else — eight planets, hundreds of moons, millions of asteroids — shares the last 0.2 percent.太陽擁有太陽系約 99.8% 的質量。其他所有東西——八顆行星、數百顆衛星、數百萬顆小行星——分享剩下的 0.2%。

That is why everything orbits the Sun. Gravity pulls harder when there is more mass, and nothing else comes close.這就是為什麼所有東西都繞著太陽轉。質量越大重力越強，而沒有任何東西接近得了太陽。

The four inner planets — Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars — are small and rocky. The four outer ones — Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune — are huge and made mostly of gas and ice.內側四顆行星——水星、金星、地球、火星——小而多岩。外側四顆——木星、土星、天王星、海王星——巨大，主要由氣體和冰組成。

Between them lies the asteroid belt, made of rock that never managed to form a planet.兩者之間是小行星帶，由始終沒能形成行星的岩石組成。

What Counts as a Planet什麼才算行星

It orbits the Sun繞著太陽公轉
A moon orbits a planet, so a moon is not a planet however large it is.衛星繞行星轉，所以不管多大，衛星都不是行星。
It is round它是圓的
It must be big enough that its own gravity pulls it into a ball. Small rocks stay lumpy because gravity is too weak.它必須大到自己的重力可以把自己拉成球形。小石塊維持不規則形狀，因為重力太弱。
It has cleared its neighbourhood它清空了軌道附近
Its gravity must dominate its orbit. Pluto shares its region with many other icy objects, which is why it was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006.它的重力必須主宰自己的軌道。冥王星和許多其他冰質天體共享同一區域，所以 2006 年被重新歸類為矮行星。
Pluto was not demoted for being small冥王星不是因為小才被降級
It failed the third rule. Astronomers had found many similar objects out there, so either Pluto stopped being a planet or the solar system had dozens of them.它是沒過第三條。天文學家在那一帶找到許多類似的天體，所以要嘛冥王星不再是行星，要嘛太陽系會有幾十顆行星。
A year is one orbit一年就是繞一圈
A planet's year is how long it takes to go round the Sun once. Neptune's year is 165 Earth years, so it has completed only one orbit since it was discovered.一顆行星的「年」是它繞太陽一圈的時間。海王星的一年是 165 個地球年，所以自從被發現以來它才繞完一圈。

The Eight Planets八大行星

Planet 行星Type 類型Day 自轉一圈Year 公轉一圈
Mercury 水星Rocky 岩質59 Earth days 地球日88 Earth days 地球日
Venus 金星Rocky 岩質243 Earth days 地球日225 Earth days 地球日
Earth 地球Rocky 岩質24 hours 小時365 days 天
Mars 火星Rocky 岩質24.6 hours 小時687 Earth days 地球日
Jupiter 木星Gas giant 氣態巨行星10 hours 小時12 Earth years 地球年
Saturn 土星Gas giant 氣態巨行星10.7 hours 小時29 Earth years 地球年
Uranus 天王星Ice giant 冰質巨行星17 hours 小時84 Earth years 地球年
Neptune 海王星Ice giant 冰質巨行星16 hours 小時165 Earth years 地球年

資料查證至 2025 年底

金星最奇怪：它自轉一圈比公轉一圈還久，所以金星上的一天比一年長。而且它自轉方向跟其他行星相反。

Did You Know?你知道嗎？

  • Jupiter is so large that all the other planets could fit inside it with room to spare.木星大到其他所有行星都塞得進去，而且還有剩。
  • Saturn's density is lower than water, so if you had a bathtub big enough, Saturn would float.土星的密度比水低，所以如果有一個夠大的浴缸，土星會浮起來。
  • Light from the Sun takes about eight minutes to reach Earth, so you always see the Sun as it was eight minutes ago.陽光大約要八分鐘才到得了地球，所以你看到的永遠是八分鐘前的太陽。
  • Mars appears red because its soil contains iron oxide — the same chemical as rust.火星看起來是紅的，因為土壤含氧化鐵——跟鐵鏽是同一種化合物。

Key Words單字表

  • orbit/ˈɔːr.bɪt/v. / n.

    公轉；軌道

    Planets orbit the Sun.行星繞太陽公轉。

  • mass/mæs/n.

    質量

    The Sun holds most of the mass.太陽擁有大部分質量。

  • gravity/ˈɡræv.ə.t̬i/n.

    重力

    Gravity pulls everything inwards.重力把一切往內拉。

  • rocky/ˈrɑː.ki/adj.

    岩質的

    The inner planets are rocky.內側行星是岩質的。

  • asteroid/ˈæs.tɚ.ɔɪd/n.

    小行星

    The asteroid belt lies between them.小行星帶在它們之間。

  • dwarf/dwɔːrf/adj. / n.

    矮小的；矮行星

    Pluto is a dwarf planet.冥王星是矮行星。

  • dominate/ˈdɑː.mə.neɪt/v.

    主宰

    A planet must dominate its orbit.行星必須主宰自己的軌道。

  • reclassify/ˌriːˈklæs.ə.faɪ/v.

    重新歸類

    Pluto was reclassified in 2006.冥王星在 2006 年被重新歸類。

  • density/ˈden.sə.t̬i/n.

    密度

    Saturn's density is very low.土星的密度很低。

  • rust/rʌst/n.

    鐵鏽

    Mars is red because of rust.火星是紅的，因為鐵鏽。

  • spare/sper/adj.

    多餘的

    There would be room to spare.還會有多餘的空間。

  • discover/dɪˈskʌv.ɚ/v.

    發現

    Neptune was discovered in 1846.海王星在 1846 年被發現。

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