The Moon月球

月球永遠只用同一面對著我們——不是因為它不轉，而是因為它轉一圈的時間剛好等於繞地球一圈。

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On the Moon月球表面

12 個可以點的單字 · 可以隨時暫停、轉動場景

逐字稿（14 段）
  1. 1Welcome to the Moon. It is about 384,000 kilometres from Earth, and the sky here is always black.歡迎來到月球。這裡離地球大約 38 萬 4 千公里，天空永遠是黑的。
  2. 2This is where the first landing happened, in 1969. It was Apollo 11.第一次載人登陸就發生在這裡，1969 年，阿波羅 11 號。
  3. 3Astronauts left footprints here. There is no wind or rain to erase them, so they will stay for millions of years.太空人在這裡留下腳印。沒有風也沒有雨可以抹去它們，所以會留好幾百萬年。
  4. 4The Moon does spin. It turns once in the same time it goes around Earth, about 27 days.月球會自轉。它自轉一圈的時間，剛好等於繞地球一圈，大約 27 天。
  5. 5The Moon makes no light. It only reflects sunlight, like a ball under a lamp.月球自己不發光，它只是反射陽光，就像檯燈下的一顆球。
  6. 6Half of the Moon is always lit. As it orbits us, we see that half from a different angle.月球永遠有一半是亮的。它繞著我們轉，我們就從不同角度看那半邊。
  7. 7So the shape changes. These are the phases: new, waxing, full. One cycle takes about 29.5 days.所以形狀會變。這些就是月相：新月、漸盈、滿月。一個週期大約 29.5 天。
  8. 8The traditional Chinese calendar follows the Moon. That is why the Mid-Autumn Festival is always a full moon.農曆跟著月亮走，所以中秋節一定是滿月。
  9. 9When the Moon's shadow falls on Earth, the Sun goes dark. That is a solar eclipse.月球的影子落在地球上，太陽就暗了，這就是日食。
  10. 10When Earth's shadow falls on the Moon, we get a lunar eclipse.地球的影子落在月球上，就是月食。
  11. 11The Moon's gravity pulls the ocean towards it. The water makes a bulge.月球的重力把海水往它那邊拉，海水就鼓起一個隆起。
  12. 12As Earth spins, coasts pass through the bulge. That gives about two high tides a day.地球自轉時，海岸會經過那個隆起，所以一天大約有兩次漲潮。
  13. 13The Moon's diameter is about a quarter of Earth's. Four Moons fit across our planet.月球的直徑大約是地球的四分之一，四顆月亮剛好排滿地球。
  14. 14Now it's your turn. Walk around the Moon and click on anything you see.現在換你了。在月球上走一圈，點點看你看到的每一樣東西。

Always the Same Face永遠是同一張臉

From Earth we always see the same side of the Moon. People often think this means the Moon does not spin.從地球看，我們永遠只看得到月球的同一面。很多人因此以為月球不會自轉。

It does spin. It just takes exactly as long to turn once as it takes to go around the Earth once — about 27 days.它會自轉。只是它自轉一圈的時間，剛好等於繞地球一圈的時間——大約 27 天。

This is called tidal locking, and it happened because Earth's gravity slowly slowed the Moon's spin over billions of years.這叫做「潮汐鎖定」，成因是地球的重力在數十億年間慢慢把月球的自轉拖慢了。

The side we never see is called the far side, not the dark side — it gets just as much sunlight as the side facing us.我們看不到的那一面叫「背面」，不是「暗面」——它接收到的陽光跟正面一樣多。

Why the Moon Changes Shape月亮為什麼會變形狀

The Moon makes no light月球不發光
It only reflects sunlight. Half of it is always lit, exactly like a ball under a lamp.它只是反射陽光。它永遠有一半是亮的，就像檯燈下的一顆球。
Phases are about angle月相關乎角度
As the Moon orbits us, we see the lit half from different angles. The shape changes because our viewpoint changes, not because anything covers the Moon.月球繞著我們轉時，我們從不同角度看到那個被照亮的半邊。形狀改變是因為我們的視角變了，不是因為有東西遮住月球。
New, waxing, full, waning新月、盈、滿、虧
New moon is when the lit side faces away. Waxing means growing, waning means shrinking. The full cycle takes about 29.5 days.新月是亮面背對我們的時候。waxing 是變大，waning 是變小。完整一個週期大約 29.5 天。
An eclipse is a shadow食是影子
A solar eclipse is the Moon's shadow falling on Earth. A lunar eclipse is Earth's shadow falling on the Moon. Eclipses are rare because the orbits are slightly tilted.日食是月球的影子落在地球上。月食是地球的影子落在月球上。因為軌道略為傾斜，所以食並不常發生。
Tides follow the Moon潮汐跟著月亮
The Moon's gravity pulls the ocean towards it, creating a bulge of water. As Earth spins, coastal places pass through the bulge, which gives roughly two high tides a day.月球的重力把海水往它的方向拉，形成一個隆起。地球自轉時，沿海地區經過那個隆起，於是一天大約有兩次漲潮。

Moon Numbers月球數字

Item 項目Figure 數值
Distance from Earth 與地球距離About 384,000 km 約 38 萬 4 千公里
Time for light to reach us 光傳到地球About 1.3 seconds 約 1.3 秒
Diameter 直徑About one quarter of Earth's 約地球的四分之一
Gravity 重力About one sixth of Earth's 約地球的六分之一
Phase cycle 月相週期About 29.5 days 約 29.5 天
First human landing 首次載人登陸1969 (Apollo 11 阿波羅 11 號)

資料查證至 2025 年底

月球的重力只有地球六分之一，所以在月球上你可以跳得比在地球上高六倍——但你的質量沒有變，只是重量變輕。

Did You Know?你知道嗎？

  • The Moon is slowly moving away from Earth, by about four centimetres a year.月球正緩慢地遠離地球，每年大約四公分。
  • Footprints left by the Apollo astronauts will stay for millions of years, because there is no wind or rain to erase them.阿波羅太空人留下的腳印會存在數百萬年，因為那裡沒有風也沒有雨可以抹去它們。
  • The traditional Chinese calendar follows the Moon, which is why the Mid-Autumn Festival always falls on a full moon.農曆跟著月亮走，這就是為什麼中秋節一定是滿月。
  • Only twelve people have ever walked on the Moon, and all of them went between 1969 and 1972.歷來只有十二個人走在月球上，而且全部發生在 1969 到 1972 年之間。

Key Words單字表

  • spin/spɪn/v.

    自轉

    The Moon does spin.月球確實會自轉。

  • reflect/rɪˈflekt/v.

    反射

    The Moon reflects sunlight.月球反射陽光。

  • phase/feɪz/n.

    月相

    The phases repeat every 29.5 days.月相每 29.5 天循環一次。

  • angle/ˈæŋ.ɡəl/n.

    角度

    We see it from a different angle.我們從不同角度看它。

  • eclipse/ɪˈklɪps/n.

    食（日食、月食）

    An eclipse is a shadow.食就是影子。

  • shadow/ˈʃæd.oʊ/n.

    影子

    Earth's shadow falls on the Moon.地球的影子落在月球上。

  • tide/taɪd/n.

    潮汐

    There are two high tides a day.一天有兩次漲潮。

  • bulge/bʌldʒ/n.

    隆起

    The water forms a bulge.海水形成一個隆起。

  • diameter/daɪˈæm.ə.t̬ɚ/n.

    直徑

    Its diameter is a quarter of Earth's.它的直徑是地球的四分之一。

  • erase/ɪˈreɪs/v.

    抹去

    No wind can erase the footprints.沒有風可以抹去那些腳印。

  • landing/ˈlæn.dɪŋ/n.

    登陸

    The first landing was in 1969.首次登陸在 1969 年。

  • calendar/ˈkæl.ən.dɚ/n.

    曆法

    The traditional calendar follows the Moon.農曆跟著月亮走。

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