Athletics田徑

馬拉松是 42.195 公里。那個零星的 195 公尺，是 1908 年為了讓終點對準英國皇室包廂而多加的。

CEFR B1閱讀約 5 分鐘 · 12 個單字 · 測驗卷 100 分

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The Athletics Stadium田徑場

12 個可以點的單字 · 可以隨時暫停、轉動場景

逐字稿（14 段）
  1. 1Welcome to the stadium. Athletics is the oldest group of Olympic sports: run, jump and throw.歡迎來到田徑場。田徑是奧運最古老的一群項目：跑、跳、擲。
  2. 2Track events happen on this oval track. Field events happen on the grass inside it.徑賽在這條橢圓形的跑道上進行，田賽則在跑道內側的草地上。
  3. 3The inside lane is 400 metres around. So the 400 metres is exactly one lap.最內側跑道一圈是 400 公尺，所以 400 公尺剛好是一圈。
  4. 4Each runner has a lane. The outer lanes are longer than the inner ones.每個選手有自己的分道。外側的分道比內側的長。
  5. 5So the starts are staggered. That way, everyone runs the same distance.所以起跑點要錯開，這樣每個人跑的距離才一樣。
  6. 6The 100 metres is a sprint down one straight. Usain Bolt's world record is 9.58 seconds.100 公尺是一個直道的短跑。波特的世界紀錄是 9.58 秒。
  7. 7A tailwind pushes runners from behind. If it is over 2 metres per second, the time cannot count as a record.順風從背後推著選手。風速超過每秒 2 公尺，成績就不能算紀錄。
  8. 8The race is won when the torso crosses the line, not the head, arm or foot.軀幹通過終點線才算完成，不是頭、手或腳。
  9. 9That is why sprinters lean forward at the finish.這就是為什麼短跑選手到終點會往前傾。
  10. 10Hurdles are a track event too. This runner clears each hurdle and keeps running.跨欄也是徑賽。這位選手跨過一個又一個欄架，繼續往前跑。
  11. 11In a relay, the baton must be passed inside a marked zone. Many teams lose because the pass goes wrong.接力時，接力棒必須在標示的接力區內交接。很多隊伍輸在交接出錯。
  12. 12In the long jump, everyone gets three attempts. Only your best attempt counts.跳遠每個人有三次試跳，只算最好的那一次。
  13. 13In the decathlon, a table converts each result into points. C. K. Yang won Taiwan's first Olympic medal in it.十項全能用換算表把每項成績換成分數。楊傳廣就是在這個項目拿下台灣第一面奧運獎牌。
  14. 14Now it's your turn. Turn the stadium around and click on anything you see.現在換你了。轉動田徑場，點點看你看到的每一樣東西。

Run, Jump, Throw跑、跳、擲

Athletics is the oldest group of Olympic sports, and the simplest to describe: run, jump, throw.田徑是奧運裡最古老的一群項目，也最好描述：跑、跳、擲。

Track events happen on the oval — sprints, middle distance, long distance, hurdles and relays. Field events happen on the grass inside it.徑賽在橢圓形跑道上進行——短跑、中距離、長距離、跨欄和接力。田賽則在跑道內側的草地上進行。

A standard outdoor track is 400 metres around in the innermost lane. That is why the 400 metres is exactly one lap.標準室外跑道最內側一圈是 400 公尺。這就是為什麼 400 公尺剛好是一圈。

Because the outer lanes are longer, sprinters start at staggered positions so that everyone runs the same distance.因為外側跑道比較長，短跑選手的起跑點要錯開，這樣每個人跑的距離才一樣。

The Rules That Decide Races決定比賽的規則

False start偷跑
Blocks measure the pressure of your feet. Reacting in less than a tenth of a second counts as a false start, because science says nobody can hear and react that fast.起跑架會量測腳的壓力。反應時間短於十分之一秒就算偷跑，因為科學上沒有人能聽到聲音後反應得那麼快。
The finish is the torso終點看軀幹
The race is won when the torso crosses the line — not the head, arm or foot. That is why sprinters lean forward at the end.軀幹通過終點線才算完成——不是頭、手或腳。這就是為什麼短跑選手最後會前傾。
Wind assistance順風不算數
In sprints and long jump, a tailwind over 2 metres per second means the time or distance cannot count as a record.短跑和跳遠時，順風超過每秒 2 公尺，成績就不能列入紀錄。
The relay baton接力棒
The baton must be passed inside a marked zone. Many teams lose not because they are slow but because the pass goes wrong.接力棒必須在標示的接力區內交接。很多隊伍輸不是因為跑得慢，而是交接出了問題。
Three attempts, then the best eight三次試跳，再取前八
In throws and long jump, everyone gets three attempts, and the leading eight get three more. Only your best attempt counts.擲部和跳遠每人有三次試擲或試跳，領先的八名再多三次。只算你最好的那一次。

Some Distances Worth Knowing值得知道的幾個距離

Event 項目Distance 距離Note 說明
100 m 公尺100 mOne straight 一個直道
400 m 公尺400 mExactly one lap 剛好一圈
1,500 m 公尺1,500 mThe metric mile 公制英里
Marathon 馬拉松42.195 km 公里Set in 1908 1908 年定下
Decathlon 十項全能10 events over 2 days 兩天十項C. K. Yang's event 楊傳廣的項目

資料查證至 2025 年底

馬拉松原本大約 40 公里。1908 年倫敦奧運把起點延到溫莎城堡、終點對準皇室包廂，湊出 42.195 公里，後來就固定下來了。

Did You Know?你知道嗎？

  • Usain Bolt's 100 metre world record of 9.58 seconds has stood since 2009.波特的 100 公尺世界紀錄 9.58 秒從 2009 年保持至今。
  • In the 100 metres, the fastest part of the race is around 60 to 80 metres — everyone is slowing down by the finish line.100 公尺跑最快的一段大約在 60 到 80 公尺之間——所有人到終點時其實都在減速。
  • C. K. Yang won Taiwan's first Olympic medal in the decathlon in 1960, and for a time he held the world record.楊傳廣 1960 年在十項全能為台灣拿下第一面奧運獎牌，他一度保持世界紀錄。
  • The decathlon scoring table converts each performance into points, so athletes can compare a long jump with a 1,500 metre time.十項全能用一張換算表把每項成績變成分數，所以跳遠和 1,500 公尺的成績可以互相比較。

Key Words單字表

  • track/træk/n.

    跑道

    The track is 400 metres around.跑道一圈 400 公尺。

  • lap/læp/n.

    一圈

    The 400 metres is one lap.400 公尺是一圈。

  • lane/leɪn/n.

    跑道分道

    Outer lanes are longer.外側分道比較長。

  • sprint/sprɪnt/n. / v.

    短跑

    The 100 metres is a sprint.100 公尺是短跑。

  • hurdle/ˈhɝː.dəl/n.

    跨欄

    She clears each hurdle cleanly.她乾淨俐落地跨過每個欄。

  • baton/bəˈtɑːn/n.

    接力棒

    The baton must be passed in the zone.接力棒必須在接力區交接。

  • torso/ˈtɔːr.soʊ/n.

    軀幹

    The torso must cross the line.軀幹必須通過終點線。

  • lean/liːn/v.

    前傾

    Sprinters lean at the finish.短跑選手在終點前傾。

  • attempt/əˈtempt/n.

    試跳、試擲

    Everyone gets three attempts.每人有三次機會。

  • tailwind/ˈteɪl.wɪnd/n.

    順風

    A strong tailwind cancels the record.強順風會讓紀錄不算數。

  • convert/kənˈvɝːt/v.

    換算

    The table converts results into points.換算表把成績變成分數。

  • stagger/ˈstæɡ.ɚ/v.

    錯開

    The starts are staggered.起跑點是錯開的。

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