國一下 · 單元 2 / 4
過去簡單式The Past Simple
學完你會：會用過去式說昨天、上週發生的事，拼對 -ed、記住常見不規則動詞，也會用 was / were 和 did / didn't 造否定句和問句。
① 文法課
過去的事，動詞要變過去式
中文用「昨天」「了」就能表示過去，動詞本身不變：「我昨天打籃球」。英文的動詞一定要改成過去式。句子裡常看到 yesterday、last week、two days ago、in 2020。
I played basketball yesterday.我昨天打了籃球。
We visited Grandma last Sunday.我們上週日去看了奶奶。
She went to the night market two days ago.她兩天前去逛了夜市。
規則動詞：-ed 的拼法與發音
| 規則 | 例子 | -ed 的發音 |
|---|---|---|
| 大部分動詞直接加 -ed | walk → walked、play → played | 無聲子音後唸 /t/（walked），有聲音後唸 /d/（played） |
| 字尾是 e，只加 -d | live → lived、dance → danced | /d/ 或 /t/ |
| 子音 + y，去 y 加 -ied | study → studied、cry → cried | /d/ |
| 短母音 + 單一子音，重複字尾 | stop → stopped、plan → planned | /t/ 或 /d/ |
| t、d 結尾 | want → wanted、need → needed | 多一個音節，唸 /ɪd/ |
母音 + y 直接加 -ed：play → played、stay → stayed。
常見不規則動詞
| 原形 | 過去式 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| go | went | 去 |
| have | had | 有、吃 |
| eat | ate | 吃 |
| see | saw | 看見 |
| come | came | 來 |
| buy | bought | 買 |
| take | took | 拿、搭乘 |
| make | made | 做 |
| get | got | 得到 |
| do | did | 做 |
| read | read | 讀（拼法一樣，唸 /rɛd/） |
| write | wrote | 寫 |
was / were 與 did / didn't
be 動詞的過去式：I / he / she / it 用 was，you / we / they 用 were。一般動詞的否定句用 didn't + 原形動詞，問句用 Did + 主詞 + 原形動詞。did 已經表示過去了，後面的動詞要變回原形，不管主詞是誰都用 did。
I was tired, but my friends were excited.我很累，但我朋友們很興奮。
He didn't finish his homework last night.他昨晚沒寫完作業。
Did you see the movie? — Yes, I did.你看了那部電影嗎？——看了。
常見錯誤
- ✗I go to Kenting last summer.
✓I went to Kenting last summer.last summer 是過去，go 要改成過去式 went。 - ✗She didn't went to school yesterday.
✓She didn't go to school yesterday.didn't 後面要用原形動詞。 - ✗Did you ate breakfast?
✓Did you eat breakfast?Did 已經表示過去，動詞用原形。 - ✗We was at the MRT station.
✓We were at the MRT station.we 是複數，過去式用 were。 - ✗He studyed hard for the test.
✓He studied hard for the test.study 是子音 + y，要去 y 加 -ied。
會考怎麼考
會考的日記、故事和 email 幾乎都用過去式寫，常在同一段混用 yesterday 和 every day 來考時態判斷；不規則動詞也常直接出現在閱讀裡，要看得出原形是什麼才讀得懂。
② 這個單元的單字
國一下的 291 個字平均分給 4 個單元，這是第 2 段。
- pathn.小徑
- peacen.和平；平靜
- postn.郵件；貼文
- ropen.繩子
- seatn.座位
- sinkn.水槽
- tentn.帳篷
- westn.西方
- wingn.翅膀
- wiren.電線
- woodn.木頭
- yardn.院子
- achev.疼痛
- barkv.吠叫
- bathev.洗澡
- bendv.彎曲
- bitev.咬
- blinkv.眨眼
- chasev.追逐
- cheerv.歡呼
- chewv.咀嚼
- chopv.切碎
- crawlv.爬行
- floatv.漂浮
- healv.治癒
- kickv.踢
- leanv.倚靠
- packv.打包
- peelv.削皮
- plugv.插入（電）
- prayv.祈禱
- pumpv.打氣
- punchv.揍
- sobv.啜泣
- spinv.旋轉
- surfv.衝浪
- tapv.輕敲
- warnv.警告
- yawnv.打呵欠
- couchn.沙發
- dishn.盤子；菜餚
- courtn.球場
- fluten.長笛
- bootsn.靴子
- heelsn.高跟鞋
- beltn.皮帶
- blushv.臉紅
- grillv.燒烤
- bakev.烘焙
- crabn.螃蟹
- sealn.海豹
- mothn.飛蛾
- malln.購物中心
- tramn.路面電車
- cliffn.懸崖
- choirn.合唱團
- duetn.二重唱
- hikev.健行
- crown.烏鴉
- hawkn.鷹
- dustv.擦拭灰塵
- quitv.辭職；停止
- scanv.掃描
- slamv.砰地關
- zoomv.放大；快速移動
- beamv.喜笑顏開
- coaxv.勸哄
- dodgev.閃躲
- grinv.咧嘴笑
- howlv.嚎叫
- kneelv.跪下
- pleadv.懇求
- shunv.迴避
③ 句型與閱讀
④ 單元小考
10 題文法 + 5 題單字，80 分通過。填空和改錯不看大小寫與句尾標點。
1.Kevin ____ a new pair of shoes last weekend.
2.____ you at home last night?
3.My sister ____ watch TV yesterday.
4.Which word has the /ɪd/ sound at the end?
5.We ____ the bus to the zoo yesterday. (take)
6.The bus ____ in front of our school at 7:30 yesterday. (stop)
7.Did your mom ____ dinner last night? (make)
8.It ____ rainy yesterday. (be)
9.改錯I didn't saw him at school.
10.改錯They was very happy yesterday.
11.「cliff」是什麼意思？
12.「post」是什麼意思？
13.「blush」是什麼意思？
14.「slam」是什麼意思？
15.「ache」是什麼意思？
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