Airplanes飛機

一架滿載的客機重達 400 公噸。讓它飛起來的不是引擎，是機翼上下的壓力差。

CEFR B1閱讀約 6 分鐘 · 12 個單字 · 測驗卷 100 分

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The Airport機場

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逐字稿（14 段）
  1. 1Welcome to the airport. A plane is very heavy, but it can fly. Let's find out how.歡迎來到機場。飛機非常重，卻飛得起來。我們來看看為什麼。
  2. 2Taoyuan International Airport is Taiwan's main gateway. From Taipei, flights reach most of East Asia in under four hours.桃園國際機場是台灣主要的門戶。從台北出發，四小時內可以飛到東亞大部分地方。
  3. 3Look at this plane's long wings. The secret of flying is in the shape of the wing.看看這架飛機長長的機翼。會飛的祕密，就藏在機翼的形狀裡。
  4. 4Here is a wing cut open. It is curved on top and flatter underneath.這是切開來的機翼。上方是彎的，下方比較平。
  5. 5Air over the curved top moves faster, so its pressure drops. The higher pressure below pushes the wing up.流過弧形上方的空氣比較快，壓力就下降。下方比較高的壓力把機翼往上推。
  6. 6Gravity pulls the whole plane down. A fully loaded jumbo jet can weigh around 400 tonnes.重力把整架飛機往下拉。一架滿載的巨無霸客機可以重達 400 公噸。
  7. 7The engines do not lift the plane. A jet engine sucks air in, burns fuel in it and blasts it out.引擎並不是把飛機抬起來。噴射引擎把空氣吸進來、噴油燃燒，再往後噴出去。
  8. 8That blast gives thrust, a forward push. Thrust pushes the plane fast down the runway.往後噴，就產生推力——向前的推力。推力讓飛機在跑道上快速前進。
  9. 9Fast air over the wings makes lift. When lift is as strong as the weight, the plane leaves the ground.快速流過機翼的空氣產生升力。升力跟重量一樣大時，飛機就離開地面。
  10. 10Air also pushes back against the plane. That is drag. Planes are smooth and pointed to keep drag small.空氣也會往後推飛機，這就是阻力。飛機做得光滑又尖，就是為了讓阻力小一點。
  11. 11Planes climb to a cruising altitude of about ten to twelve thousand metres. The thin air there means less drag.飛機會爬升到大約一萬到一萬兩千公尺的巡航高度。那裡空氣稀薄，阻力比較小。
  12. 12Up there, the plane cruises at about 900 kilometres per hour. Lift equals weight, and thrust equals drag.在高空，飛機以大約時速 900 公里巡航。升力等於重力，推力等於阻力。
  13. 13See the white lines? Hot, wet exhaust meets very cold air and turns into ice crystals.看到那兩條白線了嗎？高溫潮濕的廢氣遇到極冷的空氣，就變成了冰晶。
  14. 14Now it's your turn. Turn the airport around and click on anything you see.現在換你了。轉動機場，點點看你看到的每一樣東西。

Why Something So Heavy Flies這麼重的東西為什麼飛得起來

A fully loaded jumbo jet can weigh around 400 tonnes. It stays in the air because of the shape of its wings.一架滿載的巨無霸客機可以重達 400 公噸。它能停在空中，靠的是機翼的形狀。

A wing is curved on top and flatter underneath. Air going over the top has to travel further, so it moves faster and its pressure drops.機翼上方是弧形的，下方比較平。從上方經過的空氣路徑比較長，所以流得比較快，壓力就下降。

Higher pressure below and lower pressure above adds up to an upward push. That push is called lift.下方壓力高、上方壓力低，加起來就是一股向上的推力。這股推力叫做升力。

The engines do not lift the plane. They push it forward fast enough for the wings to do their job.引擎並不是把飛機抬起來。它們是把飛機往前推得夠快，好讓機翼能夠發揮作用。

The Four Forces四種力

Lift升力
The upward force from the wings. It must be at least as strong as the weight.機翼產生的向上力量。它至少要跟重量一樣大。
Weight重力
Gravity pulling the whole aircraft down.重力把整架飛機往下拉。
Thrust推力
The forward push from the engines. A jet engine sucks air in, squeezes it, burns fuel in it and blasts it out of the back.引擎產生的向前推力。噴射引擎把空氣吸進來、壓縮、噴油燃燒，再從後方高速噴出。
Drag阻力
Air pushing back against the aircraft. This is why planes are smooth and pointed.空氣對飛機的反向推擠。這就是為什麼飛機做得光滑而尖。
Level flight means balance平飛就是平衡
When lift equals weight and thrust equals drag, the plane flies straight and level. Change any one and the plane climbs, dives, speeds up or slows down.當升力等於重力、推力等於阻力，飛機就直線平飛。任何一個改變，飛機就會爬升、下降、加速或減速。

Numbers in the Air空中的數字

Item 項目Figure 數值
Cruising altitude 巡航高度About 10,000 – 12,000 m 約 10,000 至 12,000 公尺
Cruising speed 巡航速度About 900 km/h 約時速 900 公里
Temperature outside 機外溫度About −55 °C 約零下 55 度
Take-off speed 起飛速度About 250 – 290 km/h 約時速 250 至 290 公里
Taipei to Tokyo 台北到東京About 3 hours 約 3 小時

資料查證至 2025 年底

飛機飛那麼高，是因為高空空氣稀薄、阻力小，比較省油。代價是機艙必須加壓，否則乘客無法呼吸。

Did You Know?你知道嗎？

  • The Wright brothers' first flight in 1903 lasted 12 seconds and covered 37 metres — shorter than the wingspan of many planes today.萊特兄弟 1903 年的第一次飛行只持續 12 秒、飛了 37 公尺——比今天許多飛機的翼展還短。
  • Planes usually take off and land into the wind, because moving air over the wings gives extra lift.飛機通常逆風起降，因為迎面而來的氣流通過機翼可以提供額外的升力。
  • The white lines behind a plane are made of ice crystals, formed when hot wet exhaust meets very cold air.飛機後面的白線是冰晶，由高溫潮濕的廢氣遇到極冷空氣時形成。
  • Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport is the island's main gateway, and flights from Taipei reach most of East Asia in under four hours.桃園國際機場是台灣主要的門戶，從台北出發四小時內可以到達東亞大部分地方。

Key Words單字表

  • wing/wɪŋ/n.

    機翼

    The wing is curved on top.機翼上方是弧形的。

  • lift/lɪft/n.

    升力

    Lift holds the plane up.升力把飛機托住。

  • thrust/θrʌst/n.

    推力

    The engines provide thrust.引擎提供推力。

  • drag/dræɡ/n.

    阻力

    Drag slows the plane down.阻力讓飛機減速。

  • pressure/ˈpreʃ.ɚ/n.

    壓力

    Pressure is lower above the wing.機翼上方的壓力較低。

  • curved/kɝːvd/adj.

    彎曲的

    The top surface is curved.上表面是彎的。

  • engine/ˈen.dʒɪn/n.

    引擎

    The engine pushes it forward.引擎把它往前推。

  • altitude/ˈæl.tə.tuːd/n.

    高度

    Cruising altitude is 11,000 metres.巡航高度是 11,000 公尺。

  • cruise/kruːz/v.

    巡航

    The plane cruises at 900 km/h.飛機以時速 900 公里巡航。

  • gravity/ˈɡræv.ə.t̬i/n.

    重力

    Gravity pulls the plane down.重力把飛機往下拉。

  • exhaust/ɪɡˈzɑːst/n.

    廢氣

    Hot exhaust makes white lines.高溫廢氣形成白線。

  • gateway/ˈɡeɪt.weɪ/n.

    門戶

    Taoyuan is Taiwan's main gateway.桃園是台灣主要的門戶。

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