高三下 · 單元 2 / 2

正式與非正式用語Formal and Informal English

學完你會:分辨正式與非正式的用字,會把片語動詞、縮寫與口語字換成正式說法,寫得出得體的書信與 email,並依題目選對作文的語域。

  1. ① 文法課
  2. ② 單字 258
  3. ③ 句型與閱讀
  4. ④ 單元小考

① 文法課

片語動詞 → 單字動詞

口語喜歡用「動詞 + 介副詞」的片語動詞(find out、put off、look into),正式寫作則偏好意思相同的單字動詞,多半來自拉丁字源(discover、postpone、investigate)。兩者都是正確英文,差別在語域(register):跟朋友聊天用 find out 很自然,寫報告、正式信件或議論文時換成單字動詞,語氣就立刻正式起來。

  • Scientists hope to determine how the virus spreads.科學家希望查明病毒如何傳播。(find out → determine)

  • The school has postponed the sports day because of the typhoon.學校因颱風把運動會延期。(put off → postpone)

  • The police are investigating the cause of the fire.警方正在調查火災原因。(look into → investigate)

口語 → 正式

類別口語正式
片語動詞find out / put off / look intodiscover, determine / postpone / investigate
片語動詞go up / cut down on / come up withincrease / reduce / propose, develop
片語動詞get (a letter) / set upreceive / establish
縮寫don't / can't / it'sdo not / cannot / it is
數量a lot of / lots of / tons ofmany, much, a great deal of, a large number of
口語字kids / stuff / info / reallychildren / things, items / information / very, extremely
句首連接So, … / But …Therefore, … / However, …

正式寫作也少用 you 泛指「人們」,改用 people、one 或被動語態。

書信與 email 的正式開頭與結尾

正式信件:稱呼用 Dear Mr. / Ms. / Dr. / Professor + 姓氏,不知道收件人時用 Dear Sir or Madam;第一句直接說明寫信目的 I am writing to …;結尾用 I look forward to hearing from you.(to 是介系詞,後接動名詞),署名前用 Sincerely, / Best regards,。寫給朋友的信可以用 Dear Amy, / Hi Amy, 開頭,Take care, / Best, 結尾。

  • Dear Professor Lin, I am writing to inquire about your summer research program.林教授您好:我寫信是想詢問您的暑期研究計畫。

  • Please do not hesitate to contact me if you need further information.如需更多資訊,請隨時與我聯繫。

  • I look forward to hearing from you.期待您的回覆。

作文的語域:看讀者是誰

學測作文如果是寫信給朋友、分享經驗,語氣可以親切,但仍不宜用 gonna、wanna、kinda 這類拼法;如果是議論或說明,就該用正式語域:不用縮寫、避免 a lot of 和 stuff、少用 you。分科測驗的作文與學術閱讀更偏正式。判斷的方法很簡單:想像讀者是朋友還是評審、老師或機構。

  • Many teenagers rely heavily on their smartphones.很多青少年非常依賴手機。(議論文的寫法)

  • We received many complaints about the noise.我們收到很多關於噪音的投訴。(got a lot of → received many)

常見錯誤

  • ✗Kids nowadays spend lots of time on their phones.
    ✓Children nowadays spend a great deal of time on their phones.議論文裡 kids、lots of 太口語,換成 children、a great deal of。
  • ✗I look forward to hear from you.
    ✓I look forward to hearing from you.look forward to 的 to 是介系詞,後面接動名詞。
  • ✗I'm writing to ask for info about the program.
    ✓I am writing to request information about the program.正式信件不用縮寫,info 太口語,ask for 可換成 request。
  • ✗Dear Sir or Madam, Hi! How's it going?
    ✓Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to express my interest in the position.正式信件開頭直接說明寫信目的,不用口語寒暄。

學測怎麼考

學測作文的書信題與分科測驗的作文都會看「體例」:開頭、結尾和語氣是否符合寫信對象;閱讀與詞彙題則常出現 postpone、investigate、obtain 這類正式動詞,要能對應回你熟悉的片語動詞。

② 這個單元的單字

高三下的 516 個字平均分給 2 個單元,這是第 2 段。

③ 句型與閱讀

④ 單元小考

10 題文法 + 5 題單字,80 分通過。填空和改錯不看大小寫與句尾標點。

  1. 1.In a formal report, which verb best replaces "find out"? "Scientists hope to find out how the virus spreads."

  2. 2.The school decided to ____ the graduation trip until next month because of the typhoon. (formal for "put off")

  3. 3.Which is the best opening for an email to a professor you have never met?

  4. 4.Which is the best closing sentence for a formal letter?

  5. 5.Which sentence is most appropriate for an argumentative essay?

  6. 6.In a formal report: "The price of eggs ____ sharply last month."

  7. 7.Please do ____ hesitate to contact me if you have any questions.

  8. 8.I am writing to ____ about the volunteer program on your website. (詢問,正式用字)

  9. 9.改錯I look forward to meet you at the conference.

  10. 10.Which is the most formal way to say "We got a lot of complaints about the noise"?

  11. 11.「perspicacious」是什麼意思?

  12. 12.「conflagration」是什麼意思?

  13. 13.「apprehensive」是什麼意思?

  14. 14.「exaltation」是什麼意思?

  15. 15.「laudatory」是什麼意思?

已作答 0 / 15 題

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